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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
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Function: require_once
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
Line: 71
Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: insertAPISummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
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Function: getPubMedXML
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
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Function: require_once
The current double tracing-double confocal laser-scanning method was developed to reconstruct identified nerve fibers and their contacts with identified target neurons in the rat brain in three dimensions. It intends to fill the gap between conventional light microscopic and electron microscopic neuroanatomic tracing. The steps involved are as follows: (1) injection of two neuroanatomic tracers--Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) to label fibers innervating a particular brain area and Neurobiotin to label prospective target neurons in that area; (2) immunofluorescence detection of the labeled fibers (fluorophore Cy5, infrared emission), together with fluorochromated avidin detection of the taken-up Neurobiotin (Cy2 or Alexa 488; green emission); (3) acquisition of Z-series of confocal images at high magnification with a laser-scanning microscope using the laser lines 488 nm and 647 nm; and (4) computer-processing and three-dimensional reconstruction of the labeled fibers and the presumed target dendrites. Rotation on the computer of the three-dimensional reconstructed fibers and dendrites along all three spatial axes enabled the authors to determine whether "true" or "false" contacts occur. In a true contact no space was present between the apposing structures, whereas a false contact consisted of two differently stained structures close to each other but separated by a narrow, optically empty space. One important phenomenon in the three-dimensional reconstruction of double-stained structures that needed correction was "twin image mismatch"--i.e., the observation that a three-dimensional reconstruction of a small test object (double-stained on purpose) produced two slightly shifted objects, each associated with its particular fluorochrome. To measure the actual twin image mismatch of the confocal instrument and to obtain accurate correction factors the authors took in each session in which they obtained image series of the real experiments, with both laser wavelengths Z-series of images of multifluorescent microspheres (500-nm diameter) and of thin, double-stained fibers. Given the small dimensions of the structures of interest, i.e., synaptic contacts, it is necessary in this type of research that the optical characteristics of the imaging system--e.g., the alignment errors and chromatic aberration that produce twin image mismatch--be precisely known.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129039-200203000-00015 | DOI Listing |
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