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Bias in adjudication: Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence, media, financial and legal institutions in pursuit of social justice.
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Law, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
The latest global progress report highlights numerous challenges in achieving justice goals, with bias in artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a significant yet underexplored issue. This paper investigates the role of AI in addressing bias within the judicial system to promote equitable social justice. Analyzing weekly data from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, through wavelet quantile correlation, this study examines the short, medium, and long-term impacts of integrating AI, media, international legal influence (ILI), and international financial institutions (IFI) as crucial factors in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG-16), which focuses on justice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtecting Distress Migrants' Right to Health in Ecuador: Are Legal Commitments Being Fulfilled?
Health Hum Rights
December 2024
Associate professor in the Department of Health Promotion and Policy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Ecuador's legal framework aims to ensure equitable health care access, but gaps remain due to the influx of nearly 500,000 Venezuelan migrants.
- A study involving interviews with key stakeholders revealed systemic obstacles, such as documentation requirements and discriminatory practices, that hinder distress migrants' access to health services.
- The analysis of a Constitutional Court case highlights the potential for judicial actions to improve health rights for these migrants, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive strategies to address their unique challenges in Ecuador's health system.
State-Level Structural Racism and Children's Dental Care Access and Oral Health.
JDR Clin Trans Res
December 2024
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA.
Introduction: Black children in the United States have lower rates of dental visits and higher rates of poor oral health. However, few studies have examined the role of structural racism as a contributor to racial gaps in children's oral health. This study assessed associations between state-level structural racism and oral health outcomes of children and the related Black-White disparities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNational study of child sexual abuse cases in Oman: Characteristics and medical-legal outcomes.
Heliyon
December 2024
Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, 123, Muscat, Oman.
Background: To stay abreast of the best international practices, the Arab Gulf countries have ratified the United Nations which includes clauses on safeguarding the well-being of children against child abuse and neglect. The enactment of laws, policies, and facilities designed to protect the rights of the child has not yet been studied to determine whether it leads to appropriate legal dispositions against perpetrators of child sexual abuse (CSA) in Oman.
Aims: This study has been launched to address two interrelated objectives; (i) describe the characteristics of CSA victims and perpetrators and (ii) examine factors associated with medicolegal findings and judicial results for CSA complainants in Oman.
Individual liberty, safety and police liabilities under the mental health (care and treatment) act.
Int J Law Psychiatry
December 2024
Yong Pung How School of Law, Singapore Management University, Singapore. Electronic address:
How should a society strike a balance between the objective of ensuring safety from dangers that may be posed by individuals believed to have a mental disorder and the deprivation of their liberty? How should police officers discharge their duties in apprehending such individuals with a view to conveying them to a medical practitioner at a psychiatric institution? These legal issues took centrestage in the Singapore High Court decision of Mah Kiat Seng v Attorney-General in which the apprehended individual brought claims in false imprisonment against a police officer. The decision examined the underlying purposes of the Singapore Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act, the right of the person to be informed of the grounds of apprehension, the bases of the police officer's belief that the person posed a danger to himself or others, and the circumstances in which the police officers may be entitled to immunity from liability to civil or criminal proceedings. The High Court judgment led to statutory amendments to clarify police duties when apprehending such individuals and discussions about enhancements to police training and crisis support services for persons with mental illnesses.
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