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PKR Inhibitor C16 Regulates HIV-gp120 Induced Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Impairment in Vivo and in Vitro Models.
Neurochem Res
January 2025
College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
To study the neuronal protective effect and its potential mechanism of C16 against gp120-induced cognitive impairment in vitro and in vivo. The NORT method was used to evaluate the short-term memory abilities of rats, the morphological changes in hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining. Cell viability and damage degree were detected by MTT and LDH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells regulates immune recovery during HIV infection through PD-L1 and TGF-β pathways.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Background: Although MDSCs are widely recognized for their immunoinhibitory effects in pathological conditions, their function during HIV infection particularly within the mechanisms underlying incomplete immune recovery remains elusive.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 30 healthy controls and 62 HIV-1-infected subjects [31 immunological non-responders (INRs) and 31 immunological responders (IRs)] were selected. The proportion of MDSCs was determined in each category of participants.
Novel Dolutegravir and Lenacapavir Resistance Patterns in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Infection: A Case Report.
Open Forum Infect Dis
January 2025
Viroscience Department, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Background: The treatment management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2 infection presents greater challenges compared to HIV-1 infection, primarily because of inherent resistance against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors, particularly dolutegravir, have improved treatment outcomes for people with HIV-2. Lenacapavir, a novel and potent antiretroviral capsid inhibitor, offers additional therapeutic options.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTsg101 mimicry of canonical E2 enzymes underlies its role in ubiquitin signaling.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222.
Tsg101 is a highly conserved protein best known as an early-functioning component of cellular ESCRT machinery participating in recognition, sorting, and trafficking of cellular cargo to various intracellular destinations. It shares sequence and structural homology to canonical ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes and is linked to diverse events regulated by Ub signaling. How it might fulfill these roles is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Standardization and Quantification of Nuclear Factor Kappa B p65 by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Cureus
November 2024
Microbiology, Retired-Private Practice, Chennai, IND.
The accurate quantification of nuclear factor Kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) is critical for understanding inflammatory mechanisms, especially in HIV-1 infected individuals, where NF-κB p65 contributes to chronic immune activation. Conventional methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting are limited in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. This study aimed to devise a standardized real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay for NF-κB p65 using specifically designed primers and a probe.
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