The influence of carbon source and aeration rate on fermentation broth rheology, mycelial morphology and red pigment production of Paecilomyces sinclairii was investigated in a 5-l stirred-tank bioreactor. The characteristics of P. sinclairii grown on starch and on sucrose medium were comparatively studied: the specific growth rate in sucrose medium (0.04 h(-1)) was higher than that in starch medium, whereas the specific production rate of red pigments (0.04 gg(-1)d(-1)) was favorable in starch medium. P. sinclairii grown in sucrose medium were highly branched and showed longer hyphal lengths than that in starch medium. The consistency index (K) in sucrose medium was markedly higher than that in starch medium due to higher cell mass, while the higher values of flow behavior index (n) were indicated at the late stationary phase in starch medium. The aeration rate was varied within the ranges from 0.5 to 3.5 vvm while running the fermentation at mild agitation of 150 rpm using sucrose as the carbon source. The maximum biomass concentration of P. sinclairii was about 33 gl(-1) with an aeration rate of 1.5 vvm, whereas the maximum yield of red pigment production (4.73 gl(-1)) was achieved with 3.5 vvm. The highly branched cell morphology appeared at 1.5 vvm and the highly vacuolated cell morphology was observed in a high aeration rate (3.5 vvm). There was no significant variance in rheological parameters (K and n) between culture broths from different aeration conditions.
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