We cloned a 4.1-kb full-length cDNA based on a reported human genomic clone containing a partial open reading frame (ORF) coding for a novel collagen-like protein. Sequence analysis indicated that the ORF codes for the alpha(1)-chain of type XXI collagen. Assembly of the genomic data reveals a complete sequence of the human gene COL21A1. COL21A1 is localized to chromosome 6p11.2-12.3, spanning 337 kb in size. The gene contains 31 exons, in which the 5'-untranslated exons 1 and 1a are alternatively spliced. The exon/domain organization of COL21A1 resembles that of the reported FACIT collagen genes, including COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, and COL19A1, suggesting that these genes may have derived from the same ancestor FACIT gene by duplication. The expression of COL21A1 in human tissues is developmentally regulated, with a higher level at fetal stages. Type XXI collagen is an extracellular matrix component of the blood vessel walls, secreted by smooth-muscle cells. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has a pronounced effect on the stimulation of COL21A1 expression in cultured aortic smooth-muscle cells, suggesting that alpha1(XXI) collagen may contribute to the extracellular matrix assembly of the vascular network during blood vessel formation.
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
The toxigenic strains secrete tilymicin and tilivalline enterotoxins, which cause antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Both enterotoxins are non-ribosomal peptides synthesized by enzymes encoded in two divergent operons clustered in a pathogenicity island. The transcriptional regulator Lrp (eucine-responsive egulatory rotein) controls the expression of several bacterial genes involved in virulence.
Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
This research aimed to analyze the percentage of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in human milk (HM) and newborn feces and to explore potential associations with factors such as maternal nutrition, age, biological sex, delivery mode, diet, and the type of HM. Gas chromatography was used to measure the percentage of SCFAs in colostrum ( = 23), transitional HM ( = 23), and mature HM ( = 92) and feces of newborn ( = 36) at day 30 postpartum. Anthropometry was also evaluated in the mother and the infant.
Background: As the number of programs aimed at preventing fragility fractures and mitigating the phenomenon of cascade fractures is increasing worldwide, so it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of such programs to seek their feasible implementation at regional and global levels.
Aims: This paper aims to provide an overview focusing on the incidence of secondary fractures after the implementation of any type of fracture liaison service (FLS). To this end, a scoping review was conducted focusing on the identification of clinical evidence reported in systematic reviews of the medical literature in this area.
Almost 20% of patients affected by COVID-19 develop dermatological symptoms after recovery. This condition is termed as post-COVID-19 syndrome and is characterized by a state of hyperinflammation, as well as deregulations in the humoral response of CD8 T-cells. Since there is no specific treatment for these injuries, the treatment of choice depends on the symptoms; thus, it is essential to provide a description of the type and nature of the injuries presented.
G6PC3 deficiency is a monogenic immunometabolic disorder that causes severe congenital neutropenia type 4. Patients display heterogeneous extra-hematological manifestations, contributing to delayed diagnosis. Here, we investigated the origin and functional consequence of the G6PC3 c.
