The functional site of 'phospholipase A2 inhibitor from python' (PIP) was predicted based on the hypothesis of proline brackets. Using different sources of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2s) as enzyme, and [3H]arachidonate-labelled Escherichia coli as substrate, short synthetic peptides representing the proposed site were examined for their secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitory activity. A decapeptide P-PB.III proved to be the most potent of the tested peptides in inhibiting sPLA2 enzymatic activity in vitro, and exhibited striking anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in a mouse paw oedema model. P-PB.III inhibited the enzymatic activity of class I, II and III PLA2s, including that of human synovial fluid from arthritis patients. When tested by ELISA, biotinylated P-PB.III interacted positively with various PLA2s, suggesting that the specific region of PIP corresponding to P-PB.III, is likely to be involved in the PLA2-PLI interaction. The effect of P-PB.III on the peritoneal inflammatory response after surgical trauma in rats was also examined. P-PB.III effectively reduced the extent of postsurgical peritoneal adhesions as compared to controls. sPLA2 levels at seventh postoperative day in the peritoneal tissue of P-PB.III-treated rats were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in comparison to those of the untreated controls. The present results shed additional insight on the essential structural elements for PLA2 binding, and may be useful as a basis for the design of novel therapeutic agents.
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