Background: Assessment of risks associated with waterborne pollutants requires a good characterization of the exposure of individuals and populations. This characterization implies knowledge of pollutants' levels in water and their time variability, and also estimation of drinking water consumption. Several studies were conducted, mostly in North America, on levels of chemical contaminants or prevalence of pathogens. Few studies were conducted on drinking water intake of the general population.
Methods: This work, included within the E.MI.R.A study which was set up to assess waterborne infectious risks, describes in details daily drinking water consumption of 544 French volunteers. Data were collected by self-questionnaires.
Results: RESULTS differ according to the season. Tap water usage for food follows a normal distribution (arithmetic mean in winter=1.55 l/j, 95% CI [0.20-2.90]; arithmetic mean in spring=1.78 l/j, [0.13-3.43]). Total drinking water intake follows a log-normal distribution (geometric mean in winter=1.60 l/j, standard deviation=1.73 l/j; geometric mean in spring=1.92 l/j, standard deviation=1.70 l/j). Tap water intake amounts to more than 80% of total drinking water consumption, and pure tap water (i.e not added, modified nor boiled) amounts to 42% of total drinking water. RESULTS are also displayed by age, and compared to other data available in the literature.
Conclusions: This work provides data that can be used to develop risk assessment and epidemiological studies in the field of chemical or infectious risks in the context of France.
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Cien Saude Colet
January 2025
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário. 36570-000 Viçosa MG Brasil.
This study aimed to understand the impact of municipal basic sanitation policies and plans on the rate of access to drinking water and sewage services. For this, data were collected from the 853 municipalities of Minas Gerais regarding the provision of sanitation, as well as socioeconomic, quality of life and demographic indicators, treated with the t-test techniques for differences between means and Propensity Score Matching. The results revealed the need for greater sanitation planning in the state since a significant portion of municipalities do not have formal planning instruments for the sector.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Speech Lang Hear Res
January 2025
Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otolaryngology, Munich University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Munich University (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Germany.
Purpose: This study explores the effects of water intake and a hyaluronic acid (HA)-containing lozenge on acoustic measurements and vocal oscillation patterns investigated after a vocal loading test (VLT).
Method: Ten healthy subjects (five females, five males) read out loud a standardized text for 10 min at a target level of 80 dB(A), measured 30 cm from the mouth, under three conditions but each after fasting for 2 hr: (a) drinking 0.7 l of water, (b) sucking an HA-containing lozenge, and (c) neither of both before the VLT.
Integr Environ Assess Manag
January 2025
Henkel AG & Co KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany.
The assessment of humans indirectly exposed to chemicals via the environment (HvE) is an assessment element of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is the default screening tool, aimed at prioritizing chemicals for further refinement/higher tier assessment. This review summarizes the approach used in EUSES, evaluates the state of the science in human exposure modeling via the environment, and identifies areas for further research to strengthen the confidence and applicability of EUSES for assessing HvE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Toxicol Chem
January 2025
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083China.
Phthalates, known as phthalate esters (PAEs), are among the most ubiquitous pervasive env7ironmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs), extensively utilized globally in various facets of modern life due to their irreplaceable role as plasticizers. The exponential production and utilization of plastic goods have substantially escalated plastic waste accumulation. Consequently, PAEs have infiltrated the environment, contaminating food and drinking water reservoirs, posing notable threats to human health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
January 2025
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development, Durham, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Humans experience widespread exposure to anthropogenic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through various media, which can lead to a wide range of negative health impacts. Tap water is an important source of exposure in communities with any degree of contamination but routine or large-scale PFAS monitoring often depends on targeted analytical methods limited to measuring specific PFAS. We analyzed 680 tap water samples from the American Healthy Homes Survey II for PFAS using non-targeted analysis (NTA) to expand the range of detectable PFAS.
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