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Motivation needs cognition but is not just about cognition.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,
Murayama and Jach offer valuable suggestions for how to integrate computational processes into motivation theory, but these processes cannot do away with motivation altogether. Rewards are only rewarding because people want and like them - that is, because of motivation. Sexual desire is not primarily a quest for rewarding information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin Overexpression in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Exploration.
Curr Top Med Chem
January 2025
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town Dehradun, India.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and β-amyloid plaques, leading to a decline in cognitive function. AD is characterized by tau protein hyperphosphorylation and extracellular β-amyloid accumulation. Even after much research, there are still no proven cures for AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein-Driven Electron-Transfer Process in a Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase.
JACS Au
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Naturally occurring photoenzymes are rare in nature, but among them, fatty acid photodecarboxylases derived from (FAPs) have emerged as promising photobiocatalysts capable of performing the redox-neutral, light-induced decarboxylation of free fatty acids (FAs) into C1-shortened alka(e)nes. Using a hybrid QM/MM approach combined with a polarizable embedding scheme, we identify the structural changes of the active site and determine the energetic landscape of the forward electron transfer (fET) from the FA substrate to the excited flavin adenine dinucleotide. We obtain a charge-transfer diradical structure where a water molecule rearranges spontaneously to form a H-bond interaction with the excited flavin, while the FA's carboxylate group twists and migrates away from it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnosis and Management of Progressive Corticobasal Syndrome.
Curr Treat Options Neurol
July 2024
Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral Neurology, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to discuss the clinical, radiological, and neuropathological heterogeneity of corticobasal syndrome (CBS), which can complicate the determination of underlying etiology and lead to inaccurate treatment decisions. Though the most common diagnosis is corticobasal degeneration (CBD), the spectrum of underlying pathologies expands beyond CBD and can overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases and even the neuroimmunology field. We will review possible clinical presentations and cues that can point towards the etiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of standard-dose and reduced-dose treatment of metastatic prostate cancer with enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide: a rapid review.
BMJ Oncol
February 2024
Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of low-dose versus standard-dose enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide treatment for metastatic prostate cancer.
Methods And Analysis: Keyword searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 1 June 2023, with forward and backward citation searches of potentially relevant studies. Studies were included if primary outcome data were reported for patients with metastatic prostate cancer who had received reduced doses of enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide.
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