It has been suggested that anticholinergic drugs impair immediate memory and working memory in patients with schizophrenia. Opinions remain divided as to the influence of anticholinergic drug withdrawal on the psychopathology and extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) in these patients. In our previous study, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was reduced in all regions of patients taking anticholinergic drugs. Anticholinergic drugs were withdrawn in 21 schizophrenic inpatients. Immediate and verbal working memory, rCBF, psychopathology, and EPS were investigated before and after anticholinergic withdrawal. There was improvement in immediate memory, verbal working memory, and psychopathology, as well as an increase in rCBF after withdrawal from anticholinergic drugs. EPS showed no significant changes. Factors that may predict the improvement of immediate memory after withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs are more severe baseline psychopathology and use of a higher anticholinergic drug dose at baseline. Improvement of working memory may be predicted by a higher baseline rCBF in the left anterior cerebral artery region. Withdrawal from anticholinergics should be considered in schizophrenic patients, and it is important to taper these drugs over at least four weeks.
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