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Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies.
Commun Biol
November 2024
Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
The collective dynamics of self-organised systems emerge from the decision rules agents use to respond to each other and to external forces. This is evident in groups of animals under attack from predators, where understanding collective escape patterns requires evaluating the risks and rewards associated with particular social rules, prey escape behaviour, and predator attack strategies. Here, we find that the emergence of the 'fountain effect', a common collective pattern observed when animal groups evade predators, is the outcome of rules designed to maximise individual survival chances given predator hunting decisions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResting metabolic rate and energy efficiency in response to an intensive 84-day combat-swimmer training in the German Armed Forces.
Eur J Appl Physiol
November 2024
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted on 44 male soldiers undergoing an 84-day combat-swimmer training (CST) to analyze changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and see if they support the 'constrained model' of metabolism.
- Participants showed improved oxygen uptake (VO) and exercise efficiency during training, but there was significant variability in how RMR changed, with no significant overall difference between those who completed training and those who dropped out.
- Despite some soldiers losing fat mass (FM) and gaining fat-free mass (FFM), baseline fitness levels (VO) were linked to success rates in the training, highlighting that individuals responded differently to the physical demands of CST.
Is there a rationale for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the patients with Post COVID syndrome? : A critical review.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to 762 million infections globally, with about 10% of those infected experiencing long-term effects known as post-COVID condition, impacting at least one million people in Germany alone.
- - Symptoms of post-COVID condition vary widely, affecting 10-30% of outpatients and 50-70% of hospitalized patients, with only 13% of those infected reporting complete recovery.
- - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used for various medical issues since 1957 and shows promise in improving oxygen delivery and reducing inflammation, with initial studies indicating beneficial effects on cognitive function and symptoms following COVID-19.
Comparative effects of drug interventions for the acute management of migraine episodes in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BMJ
September 2024
Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Objective: To compare all licensed drug interventions as oral monotherapy for the acute treatment of migraine episodes in adults.
Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.
[Damage Control Resuscitation and Damage Control Surgery].
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther
June 2024
Trauma triggers complex physiological responses with primary and secondary effects vital to understanding and managing trauma impact. "Damage Control" (DC), a concept adapted from naval practices, refers to abbreviated initial surgical care focused on controlling bleeding and contamination, critical for the survival of severely compromised patients. This impacts anaesthesia procedures and intensive care.
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