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Bronchiolitis: evidence-based management in high-risk infants in the intensive care setting.
Pediatr Res
June 2024
Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Aim: Systematically review the management of infants with severe bronchiolitis in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting with a focus on high-risk infants to identify gaps in evidence-based knowledge.
Methods: This systematic review utilised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) to examine the literature on the PICU management of bronchiolitis in infants <24 months old. Three databases, Embase, PubMed and Medline, were searched and higher levels of evidence I, II and III were included.
HLH Syndrome in a Community Hospital: The Challenge of an Early Diagnosis.
Pediatric Health Med Ther
March 2024
Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospitals of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory cytokine storm. It can be secondary to infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or the manifestation of genetic disorders, including primary immune deficiency. HLH requires a high index of suspicion and is challenging for community hospitals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase Report: Successful avoidance of etoposide for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using emapalumab.
Front Pediatr
January 2024
Dysregulated Immune Response Team (DIRT), Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
We describe the case of an infant who presented with simple rhinovirus/enterovirus bronchiolitis whose condition worsened with rapid progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The patient was presumed to have either primary or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and treatment was initiated using dexamethasone, anakinra, and intravenous immunoglobulin to modulate the immune system. Due to the organ dysfunction, the use of etoposide was avoided and instead, emapalumab, an interferon gamma antagonist, was administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccelerating synergistic effects of preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells with Crocin and dexamethasone in pulmonary epithelial cells injury.
Toxicol Res (Camb)
June 2023
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran.
Chemical warfare victims suffer from bronchiolitis and chronic pulmonary obstruction caused by sulfur mustard (SM) toxicity. Despite the mesenchymal stem cells capacity to alleviate inflammation, their low survival rate under oxidative stress severely limits their effectiveness. This study aimed to examine how natural (Crocin) and synthetic (Dexamethasone) antioxidants might affect MSC efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuccessful treatment of proven coronavirus disease 2019-associated pulmonary aspergillosis with liposomal amphotericin B in a patient with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
J Infect Chemother
February 2023
Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is being increasingly recognized as a severe complication that contributes to poor prognoses among patients with COVID-19. However, little is known regarding the clinical course of CAPA with hematological malignancies, especially after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A 29-year-old woman was diagnosed with proven CAPA with an Aspergillus fumigatus identified by cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy four years after haploidentical HSCT for acute myelogenous leukemia.
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