In the process of developing GnRH receptor antagonists, a novel base-catalyzed cyclization of compounds 5a-b was discovered, which led to the formation of the 2-aryl pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimid-7-one core structures 6a-b. These intermediates were further modified at positions 1, 2, 4 and 6 to afford a series of potent GnRH antagonists with low nanomolar K(i) values.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00780-6 | DOI Listing |
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
November 2024
Department of Physiology, Medical School, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Kisspeptins are reported to be the most potent activators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis known to date. Kisspeptin potently elicits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, even in the pre-pubertal period. Beyond the hypothalamus, kisspeptin is also expressed in limbic and paralimbic brain regions, which are areas of the neurobiological network primarily implicated in emotional behaviors alongside sexual functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Microbiol Biotechnol
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China.
Immunocastration is a humane alternative to surgical castration for controlling population and estrous behaviors in animals. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the pivotal initiating hormone of the hormonal cascade in mammals, is the optimal target for immunocastration vaccine development. Cognate antigen-mediated cross-linking of B cell receptors (BCRs) is a strong activation signal for B cells and is facilitated by repetitive surface organizations of antigens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycotoxin Res
October 2024
Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal toxin consistently found as a contaminant in food products such as cereals, nuts, spices, and oilseeds. AFB1 exposure can lead to hepatotoxicity, cancer, immune suppression, reproductive deficiency, nutritional dysfunction, and growth impairment. AFB1 has also been listed as one of the most potent human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuroendocrinol
October 2024
Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
Kisspeptins are essential regulators of the reproductive axis, with capacity to potently activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, acting also as central conduits for the metabolic regulation of fertility. Recent evidence suggests that kisspeptins per se may also modulate several metabolic parameters, including body weight, food intake or energy expenditure, but their actual roles and site(s) of action remain unclear. We present herein a series of studies addressing the metabolic effects of central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10; 1 nmol and 3 nmol daily, respectively) for 11 days in mice of both sexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
May 2024
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Chickens are sensitive to heat stress because their capacity to dissipate body heat is low. Hence, in chickens, excessive ambient temperature negatively influences their reproductive performance and health. Heat stress induces inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby rendering many reproductive organs dysfunctional.
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