Background: Different implant treatment modalities, one- and two-step surgery, and one-step surgery combined with early functional loading have successfully been used in the anterior mandible for rehabilitation of edentulism. However, the marginal bone remodeling has not been compared among the three different techniques.
Purpose: The purpose was to compare the marginal bone level in a short- and long-term perspective study using Brånemark dental implants placed according to either a one- or a two-step surgical procedure or a one-step surgical procedure combined with early functional loading.
Materials And Methods: Seven patients were treated with a split-mouth technique with a one-step surgical technique on one side and a two-step technique on the other side. In this latter group, the fixtures were submerged during a 3- to 4-month healing period before abutment connection and loading. In 13 patients, following one-step surgery, the permanent prosthetic suprastructure was connected within 20 days from implant surgery. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon. The level of the marginal bone was radiographically measured relative to the fixture-abutment junction and was followed up to 5 years from fixture installation.
Results: After connection of the supraconstruction, the marginal bone resorption was significantly lower in the early functional loading group compared to the one- and two-step surgical technique groups. However, after 18 months and after 5 years, the marginal bone was located approximately 1 mm apical to the fixture-abutment level in all three groups.
Conclusion: There was no difference in marginal bone resorption in a long-term perspective between one- and two-step surgical procedures and a one-step surgical procedure with early functional loading of Brånemark dental implants.
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