Aims: To study the prevalence of smoking among Pakistani population with particular reference to regional differences and correlates of cigarette smoking.
Design: Cross-sectional survey based on representative national sample.
Setting: Data collected through National Health Survey of Pakistan 1990-94.
Participants: 13,104 individuals (6337 males and 6767 females), aged > or = 8 years.
Outcome Measures: Prevalence and correlates of smoking.
Findings: Based on weighted estimates, the overall prevalence of cigarette smoking was 14.2% (95% CI: 13.6-14.8) in individuals aged > or = 8 years and 19.4% (95% CI: 19.08-19.72) among those aged > or = 15 years. The highest prevalence was seen in the province of Sindh (16.1%) and the lowest in North Western Frontier Province (7.1%). Nearly a quarter of males (25.4%) were smokers while only 3.5% of females smoked (p < 0.001). The smoking was slightly more prevalent in urban areas (15.2%) compared to rural areas (13.7%). This pattern was consistent in all provinces except the province of Sindh. The highest prevalence of cigarettes smoking among males (48.6%) was seen in those aged 25-44 years. After this age, there was a decline in smoking among males in Punjab and North Western Frontier Province, whereas the other two provinces, Sindh and Balochistan, did not show any such trend.
Conclusion: Smoking is common in Pakistan. There is no clear policy on tobacco control in Pakistan.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9612184714.x | DOI Listing |
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