AI Article Synopsis
- Sinonasal melanomas are rare tumors that require specific tests (immunohistochemical stains) for diagnosis, with Melan-A being a newer, helpful marker when others are inconclusive.
- In a study of seven sinonasal melanoma cases, most tumors were strongly positive for S-100 protein, but one was negative for both S-100 and HMB-45 yet positive for Melan-A.
- Overall, Melan-A was present in all cases, making it an important tool for diagnosing sinonasal melanomas alongside traditional markers.
Article Abstract
Background: Sinonasal melanomas are rare neoplasms whose diagnosis may require confirmatory immunohistochemical stains. S-100 protein and HMB-45, the stains most commonly used, have varying sensitivities and specificities. Melan-A, a more recent melanoma-specific marker, may prove helpful when S-100 protein and HMB-45 stains are negative or equivocal.
Methods: Seven cases of sinonasal melanoma were assessed for reactivity with Melan-A, S-100 protein and HMB-45.
Results: The study group consisted of two women and five men ages 40 to 83. Six of the neoplasms were strongly positive for S-100 protein. One case was negative for S-100 protein and HMB-45 but positive for Melan-A. HMB-45 staining varied between diffusely positive (three cases), focally positive (two cases), and negative (two cases). All cases were positive for Melan-A either diffusely (four cases) or focally (three cases).
Conclusion: Because Melan-A can be positive in cases that are S-100 protein or HMB-45 negative, it is a useful component in the immunohistochemical panel for the diagnosis of sinonasal melanomas.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.10007 | DOI Listing |
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