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Frequencies and functions of vocalizations and gestures in the second year of life.
PLoS One
January 2025
Origin of Language Laboratories, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
Speculations on the evolution of language have invoked comparisons across human and non-human primate communication. While there is widespread support for the claim that gesture plays a central, perhaps a predominant role in early language development and that gesture played the foundational role in language evolution, much empirical information does not accord with the gestural claims. The present study follows up on our prior work that challenged the gestural theory of language development with longitudinal data showing early speech-like vocalizations occurred more than 5 times as often as gestures in the first year of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex-Specific Difference in Health-Related Altitude-Effects and Their Prevention by Acetazolamide. Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.
High Alt Med Biol
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Häfliger, Alina, Aline Buergin, Laura C. Mayer, Maamed Mademilov, Mona Lichtblau, Talantbek Sooronbaev, Silvia Ulrich, Konrad E. Bloch, and Michael Furian.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInnovameter: Agent-based modeling of innovation determinants in American and European countries.
PLoS One
January 2025
Escuela de Posgrados, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia.
This article discusses the dynamics of innovation in America and Europe, focusing on variables such as access to technology, education, and life expectancy. To do this, the article proposes an agent-based model called the Innovameter. The dependent variable is the Global Innovation Index.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNatural hybridisation among rare or endangered species and stable congenerics is increasingly topical for the conservation of species-level diversity under anthropogenic impacts. Evidence for beneficial genes being introgressed into or selected for in hybrids raises concurrent questions about its evolutionary significance. In Darwin's tree finches on the island of Floreana (Galapagos Islands, Ecuador), the Critically Endangered medium tree finch () undergoes introgression with the stable small tree finch (), and hybrids regularly backcross with Earlier studies in 2005-2013 documented an increase in the frequency of hybridisation on Floreana using field-based and microsatellite data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatterns of object play behaviour and its functional implications in free-flying common ravens.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
Object play has been proposed to provide individuals with information about their environment, facilitating foraging skills and tool use. In species where object play co-occurs with locomotor or social play, it may have additional functional implications, such as facilitating the evaluation of peers or forming social bonds. For instance, ravens judge others' competitiveness via play caching and engage in social play by exchanging objects.
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