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Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector.
Curr Issues Mol Biol
August 2024
Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Japan.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism and is actively developed as a vector virus for gene therapy products. AAV is classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein. Endocytosis involves the uptake of viral particles by AAV and accessory receptors during AAV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenomic Epidemiological Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria with Nanopore Sequencing.
Methods Mol Biol
February 2023
Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections caused by clinically important bacteria, including ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) and mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria), have become a global public health threat. Their epidemic and pandemic clones often accumulate useful accessory genes in their genomes, such as AMR genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs). This process is facilitated by horizontal gene transfer among microbial communities via mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids and phages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary resistance against integrase strand transfer inhibitors in integrase strand transfer inhibitor-naive patients failing first- and second-line ART in Tanzania.
J Antimicrob Chemother
October 2022
German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association (DAHW), Würzburg, Germany.
Introduction: Sub-Saharan African countries are introducing integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in their ART programmes as the preferred first-line regimen, and dolutegravir is the INSTI of choice due to its potency, tolerability and high genetic barrier to resistance. Dolutegravir was introduced into the first-line ART regimen in Tanzania in 2019. However, there is a paucity of data on the occurrence of mutations in HIV lineages circulating in Tanzania.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing the Ovarian Accessory Glands to Determine the Parity of , Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, under Laboratory Condition.
J Arthropod Borne Dis
March 2017
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a neglected tropical disease prevailed in many rural areas of 17 out of 31 provinces in Iran. The main vector of the disease is and the causative agent is in ZCL foci of Iran. In the current study we investigated the validity of accessory glands secretions as an indicator to recognize parous from nulliparous females under laboratory conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClofazimine Biocrystal Accumulation in Macrophages Upregulates Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Production To Induce a Systemic Anti-Inflammatory State.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
June 2016
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Clofazimine (CFZ) is a poorly soluble antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug indicated for the treatment of leprosy. In spite of its therapeutic value, CFZ therapy is accompanied by the formation of drug biocrystals that accumulate within resident tissue macrophages, without obvious toxicological manifestations. Therefore, to specifically elucidate the off-target consequences of drug bioaccumulation in macrophages, we compared the level of inflammasome activation in CFZ-accumulating organs (spleen, liver and lung) in mice after 2 and 8 weeks of CFZ treatment when the drug exists in soluble and insoluble (biocrystalline) forms, respectively.
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