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Sutton's Law: A Lesson in Decision-Analysis from the Past…and Present.
J Gen Intern Med
October 2024
School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
In 1960, Dr. William Dock, visiting professor at Yale, discussed the case of a young girl with an unknown liver disease. Dock recommended biopsy, invoking bank robber Willie Sutton's words "that's where the money is.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models.
Autism Res
February 2024
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Given the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in many decision-making processes, we investigate the presence of AI bias towards terms related to a range of neurodivergent conditions, including autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We use 11 different language model encoders to test the degree to which words related to neurodiversity are associated with groups of words related to danger, disease, badness, and other negative concepts. For each group of words tested, we report the mean strength of association (Word Embedding Association Test [WEAT] score) averaged over all encoders and find generally high levels of bias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany students, residents, and learners have heard of the infamous bank robber, who when arrested was asked "Why do you rob banks?" He supposedly replied "Because that's where the money is." Except it did not happen that way. He did rob close to a hundred banks and jewelry stores and stole an estimated $2,000,000.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial flow on Doppler ultrasound in low-risk and unselected pregnant women: a systematic review.
Reprod Health
February 2021
UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: While Doppler ultrasound screening is beneficial for women with high-risk pregnancies, there is insufficient evidence on its benefits and harms in low- and unselected-risk pregnancies. This may be related to fewer events of abnormal Doppler flow, however the prevalence of absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AEDF or REDF) in such women is unknown. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise available data on the prevalence of AEDF or REDF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUsability, acceptability, and feasibility of the World Health Organization Labour Care Guide: A mixed-methods, multicountry evaluation.
Birth
March 2021
Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP/UNFPA, UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Introduction: The World Health Organization's (WHO) Labour Care Guide (LCG) is a "next-generation" partograph based on WHO's latest intrapartum care recommendations. It aims to optimize clinical care provided to women and their experience of care. We evaluated the LCG's usability, feasibility, and acceptability among maternity care practitioners in clinical settings.
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