The recent data on the phenomenon of the induced germline genomic instability at mini- and microsatellites in animals were considered. Natural hypervariability of the minisatellites and microsatellites and their abundance in eukaryotic genome provide it's utility as the useful genetic markers for evaluation of the germline mutation frequency induced by treatment with different type of genotoxic factors at the low doses. High sensitivity of assays and possibility for direct determinations of the mutations, without the necessity to use extrapolation, are ensured. Some discussion is presented on the role of non-targeted mechanisms for the radiation-prone DNA lesions in the induction of germline genomic instability and also on the involving in this process the recombination events upon meiosis or during the early development stages of embryos. It is proposed that quantitative determination of germline genomic instability rate may be used as an acceptable variant for the genetic risk assessment and as indicator of increased probability for cancer and other pathologies at the offspring born to irradiated parents.
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