Leishinania (Leishmania) infantum zymodeme MON-1 is responsible for the majority of visceral leishmaniasis cases around the Mediterranean basin, albeit that it causes also cutaneous forms. The MON classification is based on starch gel multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) typing. The aim of this work was to explore further the genetic diversity and phytogenetic status of this zymodeme by alternative typing techniques. Fourteen L. (L.) infantum/L. (L.) chagasi stocks identified as MON-1 by MLEE in reference laboratories, 3 L. infantum stocks attributed to other zymodemes (MON-24, MON-29, MON-33) and reference standard stocks belonging to other species (L. (L.) major, L. (L.) tropica and L. (L.) donovani) were characterized by 2 different markers: MLEE on cellulose acetate plates and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). We have obtained 10 different genotypes with RAPD and 6 different genotypes with MLEE on cellulose acetate plates for the 14 L. infantum/L. chagasi MON-1 stocks studied. MLEE and RAPD data gave quite congruent phylogenetic results: L. infantum zymodeme MON-1 was shown to be polyphyletic and genetically heterogeneous. This work confirms the necessity of using different markers to build up a robust phylogeny. Finally the epidemiological and clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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Parasitology
February 2024
Secció de Parasitologia, Departament Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
In 2009, a large outbreak of leishmaniasis, associated with environmental changes, was declared near Madrid (Spain), in which was the vector, whereas the main reservoirs were hares and rabbits. Analysis of isolates from humans, vectors and leporids from the focus identified the ITS-Lombardi genotype. However, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), the reference technique for typing, and sequencing of the gene, a commonly used marker, were not performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasit Vectors
August 2023
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy.
Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease endemic in the Mediterranean region where Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of human and canine infection. Characterization of this parasite at the subspecies level can be useful in epidemiological studies, to evaluate the clinical course of the disease (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
April 2023
Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
Canine leishmaniasis is an important vector-borne protozoan disease in dogs that is responsible for serious deterioration in their health. In the Iberian Peninsula, as in most countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, canine leishmaniasis is caused by (zymodeme MON-1), a digenetic trypanosomatid that harbors in the parasitophorous vacuoles of host macrophages, causing severe lesions that can lead to death if the animals do not receive adequate treatment. Canine leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in Spain, especially in the Mediterranean coastal regions (Levante, Andalusia and the Balearic Islands), where the population of domestic dogs is very high.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZoonoses Public Health
May 2023
Laboratoire de Recherche Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, LR 20-IPT-06, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Leishmania (L.) infantum strains, isolated from varying hosts and clinical manifestations (cutaneous, visceral and canine leishmaniasis), were investigated in order to understand the genetic polymorphisms within this species in Algeria and Tunisia. Two DNA-based typing methods were tested in order to evaluate their effectiveness against Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), widely considered as the reference method for Leishmania parasite typing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Negl Trop Dis
July 2020
Tecnologie Diagnostiche Innovative, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy.
Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne diseases and it represents a serious world health problem affecting millions of people. High levels of Leishmania infections, affecting both humans and animals, are recognized among Italian regions. Among these, Sicily has one of the highest prevalence of Leishmania infection.
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