Neuronal tissues display high levels of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and isoform expression. The activation of this enzymatic system is important in the control of short and long term brain functions (ion channel regulation, receptor modulation, neurotransmitter release, synaptic potentiation/depression, neuronal survival) that are related to diverse brain pathologies. This review will describe recent developments in PKC regulation and changes in levels, isoforms and activation in acute and chronic neurodegenerative pathologies as well as in affective and psychic disorders. The recent availability of isoform selective inhibitors and activators may help to understand better the relevance of PKC in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathology and to identify new and safer pharmacologic strategies to be tested in different disease states.
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