Gutmann acceptor numbers have been determined using (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for AlCl(3)/EMIC melts as well as LiCl, NaCl, and KCl neutral buffered melts. In AlCl(3)/EMIC melts, where EMIC is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, the change in Gutmann acceptor number as a function of the AlCl(3):EMIC melt ratio is attributed to an equilibrium between a monoadduct of triethylphosphine oxide.AlCl(3) and a diadduct of triethylphosphine oxide.2AlCl(3). Observed acceptor numbers for the neutral buffered melts appear linear with respect to the melt's initial mole ratio of AlCl(3):EMIC prior to buffering. The lithium cation appears to be the most Lewis acidic alkali metal cation followed by the sodium and potassium cations. Possible reasons for the change in acceptor number as a function of changing alkali metal cation concentration are presented.
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Dalton Trans
December 2024
Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Bolesława Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
This work reports on the first solvate ionic liquids (SILs) based on aluminium(III) and gallium(III) triflates, M(OTf), and triglyme (G3). Liquid-phase speciation of these new SILs was studied by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Across the compositional range of G3 : M(OTf) mixtures, both metals were found to be in a hexacoordinate environment, with both G3 and [OTf] ligands present in the first coordination sphere, and apparently exchanging through a dynamic equilibrium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
August 2024
Discipline of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Science & Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
The use of solvents is ubiquitous in chemistry. Empirical parameters, such as the Kamlet-Taft parameters and Gutmann donor/acceptor numbers, have long been used to predict and quantify the effects solvents have on chemical phenomena. Collectively however, such parameters are unsatisfactory, since each describes ultimately the same non-covalent solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in completely disparate ways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale
December 2023
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Exhaled human breath contains a mixture of gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour and low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Different VOCs detected in human breath condensate have been recently related to several metabolic processes occurring inside body tissues in the pathological state, as candidate biomarkers for monitoring conditions such as lung injury, airway inflammation, immunity dysfunction, infection, and cancer. Current techniques for detecting these compounds include several types of mass spectroscopy, which are highly costly, time-consuming and dependent on trained personnel for sample analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Chem
August 2023
Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) formed using choline chloride (ChCl), -toluenesulfonic acid (TSA) of stoichiometry ChCl: pTSA (1:1) and (1:2), and its ternary eutectic mixtures with phosphoric acid (PA) 85% as an additive (ChCl: TSA: PA) were evaluated for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) isolation. Initially, the hydrolytic efficiency to produce CNC of each DES was compared before and after adding phosphoric acid by Hammett acidity parameters and the Gutmann acceptor number. Moreover, different DES molar ratios and reaction time were studied at 80°C for CNC optimization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
May 2023
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Salt anions with a high donor number (DN) enable high sulfur utilization in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries by inducing three-dimensional (3D) Li S growth. However, their insufficient compatibility with Li metal electrodes limits their cycling stability. Herein, a new class of salt anion, thiocyanate (SCN ), is presented, which features a Janus character of electron donor and acceptor.
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