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Structural and functional social support in UK military veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with mental health and wellbeing: a cross-sectional study.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to the implementation of social distancing laws in the UK. This had several negative consequences on health, wellbeing and social functioning within the general population. Military veterans may have had unique experiences of social isolation during this time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReinventing type 2 immunity in cancer.
Nature
January 2025
Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
Our understanding of type 2 immunity has undergone a substantial transformation in recent years, revealing previously unknown functions. Beyond its canonical role in defence against parasitic helminth infections, type 2 immunity safeguards the host through additional mechanisms, including the suppression of excessive type 1 immune responses, regulation of tissue repair and maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. However, unlike type 1 immune responses, type 2 immunity is perceived as a potential promoter of tumorigenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStreptomyces secretes a siderophore that sensitizes competitor bacteria to phage infection.
Nat Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
To overtake competitors, microbes produce and secrete secondary metabolites that kill neighbouring cells and sequester nutrients. This metabolite-mediated competition probably evolved in complex microbial communities in the presence of viral pathogens. We therefore hypothesized that microbes secrete natural products that make competitors sensitive to phage infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnterobactin inhibits microbiota-dependent activation of AhR to promote bacterial sepsis in mice.
Nat Microbiol
January 2025
Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but our understanding of the mechanisms underlying survival or susceptibility is limited. Here, as pathogens often subvert host defence mechanisms, we hypothesized that this might influence the outcome of sepsis. We used microbiota analysis, faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment and caecal metabolite analysis to show that gut-microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites including indoles increased host survival in a mouse model of Serratia marcescens sepsis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFβ-Glucan reprograms neutrophils to promote disease tolerance against influenza A virus.
Nat Immunol
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Disease tolerance is an evolutionarily conserved host defense strategy that preserves tissue integrity and physiology without affecting pathogen load. Unlike host resistance, the mechanisms underlying disease tolerance remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether an adjuvant (β-glucan) can reprogram innate immunity to provide protection against influenza A virus (IAV) infection.
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