The purpose was to study characteristic features of growth and development of several plant generations in space flight in experiment GREENHOUSE-3 as a part of the Russian-US space research program MIR/NASA in 1997. The experiment consisted of cultivation of Brassica rapa L. in board greenhouse Svet. Two vegetative cycles were fully completed and the third vegetation was terminated on day 13 on the phase of budding. The total duration of the space experiment was 122 days, i.e. same as in the ground controls. In the experiment with Brassica rapa L. viable seeds produced by the first crop were planted in space flight and yielded next crop. Crops raised from the ground and space seeds were found to differ in height and number of buds. Both parameters were lowered in the plants grown from the space seeds. The prime course for smaller size and reduced organogenic potential of plantTs reproductive system seems to be a less content of nutrients in seeds that had matured in the space flight. Experiment GREENHOUSE-3 demonstrated principle feasibility of plant reproduction in space greenhouse from seeds developed in microgravity.
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Sensors (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 1828585, Japan.
Recently, aerial manipulations are becoming more and more important for the practical applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to choose, transport, and place objects in global space. In this paper, an aerial manipulation system consisting of a UAV, two onboard cameras, and a multi-fingered robotic hand with proximity sensors is developed. To achieve self-contained autonomous navigation to a targeted object, onboard tracking and depth cameras are used to detect the targeted object and to control the UAV to reach the target object, even in a Global Positioning System-denied environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
January 2025
Forest Biometrics and Remote Sensing Laboratory (Silva Lab), School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Developing the capacity to monitor species diversity worldwide is of great importance in halting biodiversity loss. To this end, remote sensing plays a unique role. In this study, we evaluate the potential of Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data, combined with conventional satellite optical imagery and climate reanalysis data, to predict in situ alpha diversity (Species richness, Simpson index, and Shannon index) among tree species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew Phytol
January 2025
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91011, USA.
A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or 'proximal' remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAerosp Med Hum Perform
January 2025
Introduction: In space, under weightlessness conditions, human brain activity is changed due to the shifting of body fluid and blood toward the cephalic region. This shifting leads to changes in cerebral hemodynamics and, consequently, neurophysiological function, which impacts mental functions like cognition and decision-making capabilities of space travelers. The present study reports the effect of acute exposure to simulated microgravity on cognitive functions and event-related potentials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAerosp Med Hum Perform
January 2025
Background: Mission Controllers (MCs) are the main point of contact for space crews and are vital for successful human spaceflight. On a mission to Mars, there will be as long as 22-min one-way communication delays between the ground and the crew, causing major changes to current communication infrastructures.
Methods: This exploratory study assessed the impact of a 20-min one-way communication delay on MCs' task performance, workload, and stress levels under nominal and off-nominal conditions, conducted during a 21-d analog mission.
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