The analysis of treatment results in 559 patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by foot pyonecrotic lesions was carried out. Surgical treatment was performed in 448 patients considering route of infection spread (basic group), conventional methods of treatment were used in 111 patients (control group). It is shown that one of the causes of unsuccessful treatment results was the infection spread from foot to leg by toes tendons and synovial sheaths. The study of microbial contamination in wound exudate, distal and proximal sites of tendons revealed a significant difference in proximal-distal gradient for aerobes (2.8 +/- 0.19 lg/g) and anaerobes (1.71 +/- 0.16 lg/g, p < 0.01). Methods of surgical treatment of foot pyonecrotic lesions allowing for route of infection in patients with diabetes mellitus were developed. Use of these methods allowed to decrease more than 2 times the number of femoral amputations, and to increase the rate of surgical interventions with salvage of limb's support function from 71.2 to 87.7%.
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