Endocrine function and oocyte retrieval after autologous transplantation of ovarian cortical strips to the forearm.

Context: In reproductive-age women, one of the common adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is premature ovarian failure. In addition, a significant number of women experience early menopause due to oophorectomy performed for benign indications.

Objective: To develop an ovarian transplantation technique to preserve endocrine function in women undergoing sterilizing radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, or oophorectomy.

Design And Setting: Case study of 2 patients in New York who received autologous ovarian transplantation (patient A, November 1999; patient B, April 2000) to the forearm prior to pelvic radiotherapy or after oophorectomy.

Participants: Patient A is a 35-year-old woman with stage IIIB squamous cell cervical carcinoma and patient B is a 37-year-old woman with recurrent benign ovarian serous cysts.

Main Outcome Measures: Follicular development evident by ultrasound examination; cyclical production of estradiol and progesterone; restoration of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels to nonmenopausal range; and disappearance of menopausal symptoms.

Results: Menopause was confirmed immediately after the transplantation in both patients by serum follicle-stimulating hormone measurements (patient A, 47 mIU/mL; patient B, 50.7 mIU/mL). In patient A, follicle development was noted by physical and ultrasound examinations approximately 10 weeks after the transplantation. The mean (SE) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels decreased to 8.6 (0.4) mIU/mL and 12.8 (0.8) mIU/mL, respectively. The peripheral estradiol levels showed cyclical variation (mean [SE], 115 [9.2] pg/mL [422 (33.8) pmol/L), and during the 18-month follow-up, a dominant follicle developed each month. The estradiol levels from the right cubital vein were consistent with ovarian vein measurements (mean [SE], 1069 [269] pg/mL [3924 (987.5) pmol/L]). Percutaneous oocyte aspirations yielded a mature oocyte. In patient B, ovarian function was demonstrated by ultrasound visualization of a 9-mm follicle by 6 months after transplantation. Thereafter, the patient had spontaneous menstruation every 25 to 28 days. Ovulation was further confirmed by midluteal progesterone measurements (range, 7-10.1 ng/mL; mean [SE], 8.5 [0.9] ng/mL). Patient B's ovarian graft was still functional 10 months after the transplantation.

Conclusions: Subcutaneous ovarian transplantation appears to be a relatively simple, novel technique to preserve endocrine function in women undergoing sterilizing cancer therapy or surgery.