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Specific activity of mouse liver desaturases and elongases: Time course effects using n-3 and n-6 PUFA substrates and inhibitory responses of delta-6 desaturase.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
January 2025
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
The synthesis of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) is associated with physiological functions in mammals, being catalyzed by Δ-5D and Δ-6D desaturases and elongases Elovl-2 and Elovl-5. In this context, we aimed to study the chief kinetic features of PUFA liver anabolism, looking upon (i) the time-dependency for the specific activity of Δ-6D, Δ-5D, Elovl2, Elovl2/5 and Elovl5, using n-3 and n-6 precursors between 0 and 240 min ex vivo in mouse liver.; and (ii) the specific activity-substrate (α-linolenic acid; ALA) concentration responses of Δ-6D in the absence and presence of linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an enzyme regarded as the rate-limiting step in PUFA anabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural dynamics of attentional resource allocation in early visual cortex: emotional scenes produce competitive interactions.
Cereb Cortex
December 2024
Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, Leipzig 04109, Germany.
Salient emotional visual cues receive prioritized processing in human visual cortex. To what extent emotional facilitation relies on preattentional stimulus processing preceding semantic analysis remains controversial. Making use of steady-state visual evoke potentials frequency-tagged to meaningful complex emotional scenes and their scrambled versions, presented in a 4-Hz rapid serial visual presentation fashion, the current study tested temporal dynamics of semantic and emotional cue processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe vector regulation hypothesis: dynamic competition between pathogen and vector behaviors constrains biofilm development in sharpshooter foreguts.
Appl Environ Microbiol
November 2024
Department of Entomology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA.
() bacteria form biofilm on the cuticular surfaces of the functional foregut (precibarium and cibarium) of its vectors, xylem fluid-ingesting sharpshooter leafhoppers and spittlebugs. While much is known about biofilm development and maturation , little is known about these processes in vectors. Real-time (RT)-PCR was used to quantify genomes daily in the functional foreguts of blue-green sharpshooters, over 7 days of exposure to infected grapevines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntrinsic uncertainty in the reward environment requires the brain to run multiple models simultaneously to predict outcomes based on preceding cues or actions, commonly referred to as stimulus- and action-based learning. Ultimately, the brain also must adopt appropriate choice behavior using reliability of these models. Here, we combined multiple experimental and computational approaches to quantify concurrent learning in monkeys performing tasks with different levels of uncertainty about the model of the environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacokinetic Model of Drug Interaction of Tacrolimus with Combined Administration of CYP3A4 Inhibitors Voriconazole and Clarithromycin After Bone Marrow Transplantation.
Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet
November 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
Background And Objectives: A pharmacokinetic model has been developed to quantify the drug-drug interactions of tacrolimus with concentration-dependent inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 from voriconazole and clarithromycin based on the CYP3A5 and CYP2C19 genotypes.
Methods: This retrospective study recruited unrelated bone marrow transplant recipients receiving oral tacrolimus concomitantly with voriconazole and clarithromycin. The published population pharmacokinetic model that implemented genotypes of CYP3A5 (tacrolimus) and CYP2C19 (voriconazole) was integrated.
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