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The Primary Cilia are Associated with the Axon Initial Segment in Neurons.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
The primary cilia serve as pivotal mediators of environmental signals and play crucial roles in neuronal responses. Disruption of ciliary function has been implicated in neuronal circuit disorders and aberrant neuronal excitability. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocan regulates axon initial segment organization and neuronal activity.
Matrix Biol
January 2025
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address:
The neural extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulates in the form of perineuronal nets (PNNs), particularly around fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons in the cortex and hippocampus, but also around synapses and in association with the axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. Increasing evidence highlights the role of Neurocan (Ncan), a brain-specific component of ECM, in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Ncan localizes at PNNs, perisynaptically, and at the nodes of Ranvier and the AIS, highlighting its potential role in regulating axonal excitability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnkyrin-B is required for the establishment and maintenance of lens cytoarchitecture, mechanics and clarity.
J Cell Sci
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The transparent ocular lens focuses light onto the retina and its cellular structure is crucial for vision, but the molecular processes behind it are not well understood.
- This study investigates ankyrin-B (AnkB), a protein important for maintaining lens structure and function, using a conditional knockout mouse model.
- Findings reveal that without AnkB, the lens maintains its initial shape but drastically loses clarity, size, and mechanical properties, leading to cataract formation and degradation of key membrane proteins.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the early presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau. Identifying the neuropathological changes preceding cognitive decline is crucial for early intervention. Axon initial segment (AIS) maintains the orderly structure of the axon and is responsible for initiating action potentials (APs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFcrANKing up the infection: ankyrin domains in and their role in host manipulation.
Infect Immun
October 2024
Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Intracellular bacteria use secreted effector proteins to modify host biology and facilitate infection. For many of these microbes, a particular eukaryotic domain-the ankyrin repeat (ANK)-plays a central role in specifying the host proteins and pathways targeted by the microbe. While we understand much of how some ANKs function in model organisms like and , the understudied species harbor many proteins with ANKs, some of which play critical roles during infection.
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