We have obtained CO absorption profiles of several young stellar objects (YSOs), spanning a range of mass and luminosity, in order to investigate their ice mantle composition. We present the first detection of CO toward the class I YSO L1489 IRS in the Taurus dark cloud. In general, the CO profiles for YSOs show evidence for both processed and pristine ices in the same line of sight, strong indirect evidence for CO, is suggested in R CrA IRS 7, L1489 IRS, Elias 18, and GL 961E. Toward other sources (R CrA IRS 1, IRS 2, W33A, NGC 7538 IRS 9, Mon R2 IRS 2) CO is present in (nearly) pure form. We propose an evolutionary scenario to explain the chemical diversity of the icy mantles toward these objects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/305569 | DOI Listing |
RSC Adv
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex Falmer Brighton BN1 9QJ UK
Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been detected in a wide range of astrophysical environments, including the interstellar medium, comets and proto-planetary disks. The icy mantles that form on dust grains in these environments are thought to be the chemical nurseries that allow the formation of many of the COMs that have been identified. As such, the adsorption, thermal processing and desorption of COMs from dust grain surfaces are important in understanding the astrochemical networks as a whole.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
September 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
The detection of various molecular species, including complex organic molecules relevant to biochemical and geochemical processes, in astronomical settings, such as the interstellar medium or the outer solar system, has led to the increased need for a better understanding of the chemistry occurring in these cold regions of space. In this context, the chemistry of ices prepared and processed at cryogenic temperatures has proven to be of particular interest due to the fact that many interstellar molecules are believed to originate within the icy mantles adsorbed on nano- and micro-scale dust particles. The chemistry leading to the formation of such molecules may be initiated by ionizing radiation in the form of galactic cosmic rays or stellar winds, and thus, there has been an increased interest in commissioning experimental setups capable of simulating and better characterizing this solid-phase radiation astrochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Methods Protoc
August 2024
Institute of Tissue Medicine & Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
Spheroid cultures of cancer cell lines or primary cells represent a more clinically relevant model for predicting therapy response compared to two-dimensional cell culture. However, current live-dead staining protocols used for treatment response in spheroid cultures are often expensive, toxic to the cells, or limited in their ability to monitor therapy response over an extended period due to reduced stability. In our study, we have developed a cost-effective method utilizing calcein-AM and Helix NP™ Blue for live-dead staining, enabling the monitoring of therapy response of spheroid cultures for up to 10 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Earth Space Chem
August 2024
Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
The chemical network governing interstellar sulfur has been the topic of unrelenting discussion for the past few decades due to the conspicuous discrepancy between its expected and observed abundances in different interstellar environments. More recently, the astronomical detections of CHCHSH and CHCS highlighted the importance of interstellar formation routes for sulfur-bearing organic molecules with two carbon atoms. In this work, we perform a laboratory investigation of the solid-state chemistry resulting from the interaction between CH molecules and SH radicals-both thought to be present in interstellar icy mantles-at 10 K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
July 2024
Sorbonne Université CNRS, MONARIS, UMR8233, F-75005 Paris, France.
CO is a major component of the icy mantles surrounding dust grains in planet and star formation regions. Understanding its photodesorption is crucial for explaining gas phase abundances in the coldest environments of the interstellar medium irradiated by vacuum-UV (VUV) photons. Photodesorption yields determined experimentally from CO samples grown at low temperatures ( = 15 K) have been found to be very sensitive to experimental methods and conditions.
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