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Association between insulin resistance indices and outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Cardiovasc Diabetol
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NanBai Xiang Avenue, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) plays a pivotal role in the interplay between metabolic disorders and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Various non-insulin-based indices emerge as reliable surrogate markers for assessing IR, including the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the TyG index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). However, the ability of different IR indices to predict outcome in HFpEF patients has not been extensively explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of empagliflozin on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes and heart failure - Empire HF and SIMPLE.
J Clin Lipidol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Centre of Diagnostic Investigation, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:
Objective: Beyond glucose-lowering, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have cardioprotective effects with unclear mechanisms. We examined changes in an extensive panel of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and whether these changes were independent of weight loss, hemoglobin A1c, and hematocrit in patients treated with empagliflozin versus placebo to better understand the observed cardioprotective effects.
Methods: Post-hoc analyses of two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, the Empire HF trial including 190 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and the SIMPLE trial including 90 patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to, respectively, 10 mg and 25 mg empagliflozin daily or placebo for 12 weeks.
Saturated fatty acids as guest compounds in the annealing of high-amylose starch: Insights into fatty acid chain length and structural conformation.
Carbohydr Polym
March 2025
Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address:
This study explores the effect of fatty acid chain length in regulating the structural changes and physicochemical properties of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) induced by annealing with fatty acid solution (AFAS). AFAS was found to effectively regulate the conformation of amylose molecular chains within starch granules. Annealing with fatty acids of shorter chain length, such as lauric acid, promoted the formation of both double and single helices within HAMS granules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Tocotrienol on Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
J Nutr Metab
January 2025
Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Tocotrienols, isomers of vitamin E, may provide an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate common cardiovascular risks such as dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation (300 mg/day) on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, including transcription factors in nondialysis (ND) and hemodialysis (HD) CKD patients for three months. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor- (IL-6 and TNF-), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid peroxidation, biochemical parameters, and transcription factors such as NRF2 and NF-B mRNA expression were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGRK5 is required for adipocyte differentiation through ERK activation.
Int J Obes (Lond)
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Previous studies have identified G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 5 (GRK5) as a genetic factor contributing to obesity pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrate here that Grk5 mRNA is more abundant in stromal vascular fractions of mouse white adipose tissue, the fraction that contains adipose progenitor cells, or committed preadipocytes, than in adipocyte fractions. Thus, we generated a GRK5 knockout (KO) 3T3-L1 preadipocyte to further investigate the mechanistic role of GRK5 in regulating adipocyte differentiation.
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