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Transplanted organs are inevitably exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which is known to cause graft dysfunction. Functional and structural changes that follow IR tissue injury are mediated by neutrophils through the production of oxygen-derived free radicals, as well as from degranulation which entails the release of proteases and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are believed to be the principal triggers of post-ischemic reperfusion damage.

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Naotaifang formula regulates Drp1-induced remodeling of mitochondrial dynamics following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Free Radic Biol Med

January 2025

Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China. Electronic address:

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) has emerged as a hindrance for rehabilitation of ischemic stroke patients. Naotaifang (NTF) exhibits beneficial efficacy in alleviating inflammation and ferroptosis in vitro during CIRI. While the potential role of NTF in regulating mitochondrial dynamics in CIRI are not elucidated.

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Article Synopsis
  • Mitochondrial fission and mitophagy are crucial for understanding myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but their regulatory mechanisms are not well understood.
  • Elevated Nr4a1 levels after myocardial IR injury correlate with worse cardiac function, increased cell death, inflammation, and endothelial issues, while Nr4a1-knockout mice show protection and better mitochondrial health.
  • Targeting Nr4a1 to balance mitochondrial fission and mitophagy could provide new therapeutic options to improve heart health during ischemic conditions.
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Unlabelled: Ischemic stroke ranks as the second leading cause of global mortality and disability. Although reperfusion is crucial for salvaging brain tissue, it carries the risk of secondary injuries, such as ferroptosis. Gastrodin, a neuroprotective compound found in Chinese herbal medicine, may regulate this process.

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Background: Mounting data indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to improve the injury after a stroke. Pyroptosis is a recently identified kind of programmed cell death that initiates an inflammatory reaction. We aimed to ascertain the therapeutic implications and possible molecular processes of EVs obtained from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in inhibiting pyroptosis in ischemic stroke.

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