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A triad of somatic mutagenesis converges in self-reactive B cells to cause a virus-induced autoimmune disease.
Immunity
January 2025
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address:
The unexplained association between infection and autoimmune disease is strongest for hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (HCV-cryovas). To analyze its origins, we traced the evolution of pathogenic rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies in four HCV-cryovas patients by deep single-cell multi-omic analysis, revealing three sources of B cell somatic mutation converged to drive the accumulation of a large disease-causing clone. A method for quantifying low-affinity binding revealed recurring antibody variable domain combinations created by V(D)J recombination that bound self-immunoglobulin G (IgG) but not viral E2 antigen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFField testing of recombinant subunit vaccines against in lambing ewes demonstrates a lack of efficacy in the face of a multi-species parasite challenge.
Front Parasitol
March 2024
Disease Control Department, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Introduction: We previously demonstrated efficacy of an 8-antigen recombinant subunit vaccine against a single species homologous challenge in lambs and in lambing ewes in pen trials. We subsequently demonstrated efficacy of a simplified, 2-antigen, version of this vaccine in lambs in pen trials. Here, we test both vaccines in lambing ewes in a field setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom laboratory to clinical practice: an update of the immunological and molecular tools for neurocysticercosis diagnosis.
Front Parasitol
July 2024
Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is caused by the invasion of larvae in the central nervous system (CNS) and stands as the predominant cause of epilepsy and other neurological disorders in many developing nations. NCC diagnosis is challenging because it relies on brain imaging exams (CT or MRI), which are poorly available in endemic rural or resource-limited areas. Moreover, some NCC cases cannot be easily detected by imaging, leading to inconclusive results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpression, purification and immunogenicity analyses of receptor binding domain protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from delta variant.
Vet Res Forum
December 2024
Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, and Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The receptor binding domain (RBD), located at the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, contains most of the neutralizing epitopes during viral infection and is an ideal antigen for vaccine development. In this study, bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid sequence data of SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein for the better understanding of molecular characteristics was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJapanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). There is currently no effective treatment for JE, and all approved Japanese encephalitis vaccine products originated from the JEV genotype III (GIII). In recent years, JEV genotype I (GI) has gradually replaced GIII as the dominant genotype, and a new symptom of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) caused by JEV NX1889 strain has attracted wide attention, in which JEV envelope (E) protein may be involved in early peripheral nerve injury.
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