This study explains the correct method for the interpretation of DNA matches by using Bayesian Probability, and its various traps: the DNA fallacies. The current approach of the Court of Appeal to the use and presentation of DNA evidence is outlined. A new Bayesian Fallacy is explored. Specific focus is on Norman Fenton and Martin Neil's recent research (Fenton and Neil, 2000) which suggests a new dimension in the presentation of DNA evidence in court.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240104100302 | DOI Listing |
Glia
March 2025
School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are born during the early postnatal period in the rodent brain and mature alongside neurons, demonstrating remarkable morphological structural complexity, which is attained in the second postnatal month. Throughout this period of development and across the remainder of the lifespan, astrocytes participate in CNS homeostasis, support neuronal partners, and contribute to nearly all aspects of CNS function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZookeys
March 2025
Department of Science, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK Natural History Museum London United Kingdom.
The genus Walker, 1863 is revised. This genus, previously neglected or deemed unrecognisable, comprised only Walker's damaged and misrepaired type specimen of Walker, 1863. Evidence is provided that this specimen was collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855-56 in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
February 2025
Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, Madurai, IND.
This review addresses the significant challenges and technological developments in cancer screening and early diagnosis in the context of India's diverse and resource-constrained healthcare landscape. Selected cancers like breast, cervical, oral, lung, and colorectal cancers are focused on, and established screening methods such as clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), HPV DNA testing, and oral visual inspection (OVI) are reviewed. These are cost-effective strategies that are proven to reduce mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc
March 2025
Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Mikrogen, Ankara, Türkiye.
Objective: The transition nuclear protein 1 () gene is a member of the TNP family and is abundantly expressed during spermatogenesis. Protamine 1 (), another sperm nuclear protein, is abundant in many species. The present study aimed to evaluate transition nuclear protein 1 () and protamine 1 () gene expression in infertile male patients with low and high sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Microbiol Rep
April 2025
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France.
Macroalgae-bacteria interactions play pivotal ecological roles in coastal ecosystems. Previous characterisation of surface microbiota from various macroalgae evidenced fluctuations based on host tissues, physicochemical and environmental parameters. However, the dynamics and degree of similarity of epibacterial communities colonising phylogenetically distant algae from the same habitat are still elusive.
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