Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of chromosomal alterations in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are prone to develop colorectal cancer which is related to the duration and extent of the disease. One of the earliest events in tumor progression is the development of aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is correlated with the grade of dysplasia which serves as a common but not always reproducible marker for the prediction of UC associated formation of cancer. We analyzed 48 biopsy samples from 5 patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The majority of these samples represented premalignant stages which are not well characterized at the molecular level as yet. We compared biopsy samples from different colon locations in regard to chromosomal alterations, dysplasia status and DNA index. Besides chromosomal changes occurring only in certain patients in restricted areas of the colon we also detected amplifications and deletions which were common in all persons throughout the colon. The stage of dysplasia seems to have no influence on the number and appearance of chromosomal changes. Amplifications in 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12 and 15 were found in almost all cases. In dysplastic samples chromosomal regions 3, 6 and 11 revealed gains of DNA. Deletions were detected within 8q, 15, 18q, 20p and 22q. The affected chromosomal regions may contain yet unknown oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes participating in UC associated carcinogenesis. The conspicuous regions found in the CGH experiments allow the selective and detailed characterization at a molecular level.