Muscular exercise is recommended in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus and is part of the overall management, in combination with diet, oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin. From a pathophysiological point of view, regular physical activity enhances insulin sensitivity, thus contributing to improve blood glucose control and to reduce cardiovascular risk factors associated to diabetes mellitus. From a practical point of view, however, muscular exercise in a diabetic patient requires special caution, in particular careful selection of the type of exercise, respect of metabolic and/or cardiovascular contraindications, and appropriate adjustment of current pharmacological/dietary treatment.
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