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Organic matter and biomarkers: Why are samples required?
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
The search for evidence of past prebiotic or biotic activity on Mars will be enhanced by the return of samples to Earth laboratories. While impressive analytical feats have been accomplished by in situ missions on the red planet, accessing the capabilities of Earth's global laboratories will present a step change in data acquisition. Highly diagnostic markers of past life are biomarkers, organic molecules whose architecture can be attributed to once living organisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtinction cascades, community collapse, and recovery across a Mesozoic hyperthermal event.
Nat Commun
October 2024
School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Mass extinctions are considered to be quintessential examples of Court Jester drivers of macroevolution, whereby abiotic pressures drive a suite of extinctions leading to huge ecosystem changes across geological timescales. Most research on mass extinctions ignores species interactions and community structure, limiting inference about which and why species go extinct, and how Red Queen processes that link speciation to extinction rates affect the subsequent recovery of biodiversity, structure and function. Here, we apply network reconstruction, secondary extinction modelling and community structure analysis to the Early Toarcian (Lower Jurassic; 183 Ma) Extinction Event and recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating Pigments as a Biosignature: Abiotic/Prebiotic Synthesis of Pigments and Pigment Mimics in Planetary Environments.
Astrobiology
August 2024
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
Pigments serve a multitude of functions in biology including light harvesting for photosynthesis, radiation protection, membrane support, and defense. The ubiquity of pigments-especially within extremophiles found in high-radiation, high-salinity, and dry environments-and their detectability via mission-ready techniques have elevated these molecules as promising targets in the search for evidence of life elsewhere. Moreover, the detection of pigments has been proposed as a "smoking gun" for extraterrestrial life as it has been suggested that these molecules cannot be generated abiotically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMulti-Technique Characterization of 3.45 Ga Microfossils on Earth: A Key Approach to Detect Possible Traces of Life in Returned Samples from Mars.
Astrobiology
February 2024
CNRS-Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Orléans, France.
The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover is actively exploring Jezero crater to conduct analyses on igneous and sedimentary rock targets from outcrops located on the crater floor (Máaz and Séítah formations) and from the delta deposits, respectively. The rock samples collected during this mission will be recovered during the Mars Sample Return mission, which plans to bring samples back to Earth in the 2030s to conduct in-depth studies using sophisticated laboratory instrumentation. Some of these samples may contain traces of ancient martian life that may be particularly difficult to detect and characterize because of their morphological simplicity and subtle biogeochemical expressions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNavigating the nexus: Geopolitical risk, fossil energy prices, and European utility stock returns - Implications for environmental management and energy security in a conflict-ridden global landscape.
J Environ Manage
February 2024
School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Institute for Industrial System Modernization, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address:
This study employs a TPV-VAR analysis method to explore the linkage between GPR, fossil energy prices, and utility stock returns across 16 European countries from August 2009 to April 2023. Our findings reveal variations over time in how GPR influences the prices of fossil energy and utility stock returns. GPR significantly influences stock returns in the short term (1 month), with prolonged effects observed during major geopolitical incidents, while showing no significance in the medium (6 months) and long term (12 months).
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