The spectrophotometric assay based on aluminum chloride complex formation is one of the most commonly analytical procedures applied to flavonoid content determination. However, only a few optimization studies on the reaction conditions were done so far. The present work aims to the investigation of aluminum chloride concentration and reaction time effects on the spectrophotometric behavior of different flavonoids. The effects of both variation factors were studied by Central Composite Design and Response Surface Analysis methodology. The absorption data analysis showed that the effects of reaction time and reagent concentration on the absorption maximum are intricate and specific. A clear relationship between spectrophotometric behavior and flavonoid type or particular structure patterns could not be established.
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Inorg Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States.
A series of 2-pyridone[α]-fused BOPHYs - were prepared via a two-step procedure involving the preparation of enamine, followed by an intramolecular heterocyclization reaction. In addition to being fully conjugated with the BOPHY core pyridone fragment, BOPHYs and have a pyridine group connected to the BOPHY core via one- or two -CH- groups. New BOPHYs were characterized by spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInorg Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
Herein, we investigate the effects of ligand design on the nuclearity and reactivity of metal-ligand multiply bonded (MLMB) complexes to access an exclusively bimetallic reaction pathway for C-H bond functionalization. To this end, the diiron alkoxide [Fe(Dbf)] () was treated with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl azide to access the diiron imido complex [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NCHF)] () that promotes hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from a variety of C-H and O-H bond containing substrates. A diiron bis(amide) complex [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NHCHF)(NHCHF)] () was generated, prompting the isolation of the analogous bridging amide terminal alkoxide [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NHCHF)(OCH)] () and the asymmetric pyridine-bound diiron imido [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NCHF)(NCH)] ().
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major pathogen associated conditions like septicaemia, respiratory disorders, and diarrhoea in poultry, particularly in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The infection causes huge economical losses due to its high transmissibility, mortality and zoonotic potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemSusChem
January 2025
Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo, Italia.
Valorization of carbohydrate-rich biomass by conversion into industrially relevant products is at the forefront of research in sustainable chemistry. In this work, we studied the inulin conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, in deep eutectic solvents, in the presence of acidic task-specific ionic liquids as catalysts. We employed aliphatic and aromatic ionic liquids as catalysts, and choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents bearing glycols or carboxylic acids, as solvents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Neurosci
January 2025
Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Sports Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.
Soccer players must react quickly and execute complex mental processes to adapt to competitive scenarios while maintaining peak physical performance. Perceptual-cognitive training methods integrate reaction tasks using nonspecific visual stimuli with game-like motor actions, but the impact on explosive strength responses is unclear. This study investigates the effect of nonspecific visual stimuli with varying perceptual-cognitive constraints on jump performance, including countermovement jump height, reactive strength index modified, action time, and reaction time.
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