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Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study.
Lancet Microbe
December 2024
Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands. Electronic address:
Background: SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with a higher proportion of asymptomatic infections and lower mortality in sub-Saharan Africa than high-income countries. However, there is currently a lack of data on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people living in Africa compared with people in high-income regions of the world. We aimed to assess geographical variation in peripheral and mucosal immune responses.
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- The World Health Assembly set six global nutrition targets (GNTs) in 2012 to improve maternal and child health, but there has been no comprehensive report detailing progress from 2012 to 2021.
- A study evaluated the prevalence and impact of these nutrition targets across 204 countries using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 and projected future trends up to 2050.
- By 2021, only a few countries met some GNTs; most showed increased child overweight and notable decreases in female anaemia, highlighting a connection between societal development status and nutritional challenges.
Background: As set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends and monitor global progress towards HIV incidence and mortality reduction goals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuggested Screening Criteria for Gardnerella vaginalis Based on Established Risk Factors.
Cureus
October 2024
Rheumatology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Vaginal infections, particularly bacterial vaginosis (BV), arise from a decrease in beneficial lactobacilli and an increase in harmful bacteria, with various risk factors identified including smoking, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
- A scoping review analyzed 438 articles and included 31, finding that sexually active women engaging in unprotected or frequent vaginal sexual activities had higher instances of BV, with education level and socioeconomic status also influencing risk.
- The study suggests the need for an updated screening tool for clinicians to assess a patient's risk of BV, particularly in high-risk groups like pregnant or immunocompromised women.
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- * The study analyzed over 11,000 sources to assess stillbirth rates across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021, using varied definitions and gestational age benchmarks for clarity.
- * In 2021, the global stillbirth rate was 23.0 per 1,000 births at 20 weeks or longer, with a neonatal mortality rate of 17.1 per 1,000 live births, indicating a concerning level of both stillbirths and neonatal deaths worldwide.
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