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Alkaloids and nitrosamines in betel quid: A biochemical exploration of carcinogenicity.
Chem Biol Interact
February 2025
Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Betel quid contains two major ingredients; Areca catechu and Piper betel, often consumed with slaked lime, tobacco, certain flavouring agents, colouring agents, herbs, and spices according to personal preferences. The areca nut alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, and guvacoline), and tobacco alkaloids (nicotine, nornicotine) undergo nitrosation during chewing in the oral cavity with the presence of nitrite and thiocyanate and endogenously. Among the nitrosation products generated areca nut-derived nitrosamine (ADNA): 3-(methylnitrosamino) Propionitrile (MNPN) and the two tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs); N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) (NNK) are considered Group 1 human carcinogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntestinal Immune Deficiency and Juvenile Hormone Signaling Mediate a Metabolic Trade-off in Adult Females.
Metabolites
February 2023
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus.
A trade-off hypothesis pertains to the biased allocation of limited resources between two of the most important fitness traits, reproduction and survival to infection. This quid pro quo manifests itself within animals prioritizing their energetic needs according to genetic circuits balancing metabolism, germline activity and immune response. Key evidence supporting this hypothesis includes dipteran fecundity being compromised by systemic immunity, and female systemic immunity being compromised by mating.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBarrier properties of ex vivo porcine intestinal mucus are highly independent of isolation and storage conditions.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm
May 2022
Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:
Porcine intestinal mucus (PIM) is often utilized as an ex vivo mucus model in mucus interaction studies. However, numerous isolation procedures and storage conditions for PIM are reported, yet their potential impact on preserving the critical properties of PIM remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of isolation procedures (rinsing and anatomical site of mucus isolation) and storage conditions (-20 °C, -80 °C, snap frozen in li-quid nitrogen prior to storage at -80 °C, or freeze-dried followed by storage at room temperature and reconstitution) of PIM in regard to the permeation of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (FD) macromolecules of 4, 40 and 150 kDa, rheological properties as well as pH, osmolality, protein and water content.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInternal hernia through the omental foramen. Answer to the e-quid "Epigastric pain with sudden onset".
Diagn Interv Imaging
June 2013
Department of Radiology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
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