Single skinned muscle fibres (frog) have been submitted to double Ouchterlony immunodiffusion assays with antibodies directed against the two species of frog parvalbumins. The antigenic material which diffuses out of each fibre contains the two parvalbumins. Their presence in each cell is thus demonstrated. The amount of parvalbumins having diffused out of the fibre has been quantified. It corresponds to the parvalbumin content of the cell. This implies that these proteins are freely soluble in the muscle sarcoplasm.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(79)90089-8 | DOI Listing |
Diverse sources of inhibition serve to modulate circuits and control cell assembly spiking across various timescales. For example, in hippocampus area CA1 the competition between inhibition and excitation organizes spike timing of pyramidal cells (PYR) in network events, including sharp wave-ripples (SPW-R). Specific cellular-synaptic sources of inhibition in SPW-R remain unclear, as there are >20 types of GABAergic interneurons in CA1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychedelics engage the serotonergic system as potent neuromodulators, increasing neuroplasticity in humans and rodents. Persistent changes in cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation, and social cognition are thought to underlie the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. However, the underlying molecular and cellular basis of psychedelic-induced plasticity remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Homeobox genes are highly conserved and play critical roles in brain development. Recently we have found that mammals have an additional fragment of approximately 20 amino acids in Emx1 and a poly-(Ala)6-7 in Emx2, compared to other amniotes. It has been shown that Emx1 and Emx2 have synergistic actions in the brain development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
Extending single-cell analysis to intact tissues while maintaining organ-scale spatial information poses a major challenge due to unequal chemical processing of densely packed cells. Here we introduce Continuous Redispersion of Volumetric Equilibrium (CuRVE) in nanoporous matrices, a framework to address this challenge. CuRVE ensures uniform processing of all cells in organ-scale tissues by perpetually maintaining dynamic equilibrium of the tissue's gradually shifting chemical environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Neurobiol
January 2025
Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile. Electronic address:
Ketamine administration during adolescence affects cognitive performance; however, its long-term impact on synaptic function and neuronal integration in the hippocampus a brain region critical for cognition remains unclear. Using functional and molecular analyses, we found that chronic ketamine administration during adolescence exerts long-term effects on synaptic integration, expanding the temporal window in an input-specific manner affecting the inner molecular layer but not the medial perforant path inputs in the adult mouse dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus. Ketamine also alters the excitatory/inhibitory balance by reducing the efficacy of inhibitory inputs likely due to a reduction in parvalbumin-positive interneurons number and function.
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