Dysthyroid orbitopathy is an autoimmune disorder usually occurring in the setting of Graves' disease. The pathogenesis is incompletely understood but involves autoantibodies against orbital tissue. The clinical course is highly variable. Signs range from mild to severe soft tissue swelling, lid retraction, proptosis and extraocular muscle involvement with diplopia, to corneal damage and optic nerve compression with irreversible visual loss. After a few years, the phase of active inflammation is usually followed by a chronic stage with or without residual damage through fibrosis. Each stage requires a carefully adjusted therapy and optimal cooperation between the general practitioner, the ophthalmologist and other specialists involved. Therapeutic options range from topical lubricants to systemic steroids, radiation and surgery.
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A curative effect evaluation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with periorbital triamcinolone acetonide injection in treating thyroid eye disease patients with active extraocular muscle but low CAS.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with periorbital triamcinolone acetonide injection in treating thyroid eye disease (TED) patients with active extraocular muscle but low CAS. The retrospective observational study was conducted. A total of 156 eligible patients were selected from the TED patient database of the Ophthalmology Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University.
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January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Purpose: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, is disabling and disfiguring. Recent studies have shown that statins have a protective effect on individuals with GO. Statins were reported to trigger ferroptosis in some disorders, but little is known about whether statins protect against GO via ferroptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy on the correlation between serum IgG4/IgG levels and the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng St, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) with elevated IgG4 levels has different characteristics from patients with GO who do not have elevated IgG4 levels, but the study findings are contradictory. The goal of this study was first to investigate the relationship between IgG4/IgG and IgG4 levels and the occurrence of GO and then to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with GO who had elevated IgG4 levels. This study control group consisted of 57 Graves' disease(GD)patients with no complicated ocular disease and a median followup of 54.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.
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Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) using turbo spin echo imaging. By analyzing tissue heterogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis offers enhanced insights into edema within the EOMs.
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The role of autophagy in Graves disease: knowns and unknowns.
Front Cell Dev Biol
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Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
Graves disease (GD), an autoimmune disease affects the thyroid gland, results in hyperthyroidisms and goiter. The main cause of GD is not clearly defined; however, stimulating autoantibodies for thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) are the primary proposed mechanism. The TSI activation of TSHRs of thyroid gland results in excessive release of thyroid hormones with the subsequent development of hyperthyroidism and goiter.
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