AI Article Synopsis
- HIV-1 is a virus that has recently caused a global epidemic and thrives in human hosts by continuously replicating while evading the immune system.
- Its ability to rapidly evolve leads to variants that can escape immune detection, resist drugs, and utilize different receptors in host cells.
- Various factors, including zoonotic transfers, compartmentalization in the body, and genetic limitations during transmission, contribute to the virus's diverse genetic makeup, which is still evolving today.
Article Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) only recently established an epidemic world-wide infection in the human population. The virus persists in the human host through active replication and is able to avoid clearance by the immune system. Active replication is an important component of the rapid evolutionary potential of HIV-1, a potential which manifests itself in the evolution of immune escape variants, drug resistant variants, and variants with the ability to use different cell surface coreceptors in conjunction with CD4. Multiple zoonotic introductions, compartmentalization of virus replication in the body, and genetic bottlenecks associated with sampling during transmission, antiretroviral therapy, and geographic and/or host population isolation further contribute to the range of sequences present in extant viruses. The sum of the history of all of these phenomena is reflected in HIV-1 sequence variability, and most of these phenomena are ongoing today. Here we review the use of HIV-1 sequence variability to explore its underlying biology.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00271-4 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Novel rhesus macaque immunoglobulin germline genes identified by three sequencing approaches.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
Introduction: Rhesus macaques have long been a focus of research for understanding immune responses to human pathogens due to their close phylogenetic relationship with humans. As rhesus macaque antibody germlines show high degrees of polymorphism, the spectrum of database-covered genes expressed in individual macaques remains to be determined.
Methods: Here, four rhesus macaques infected with SHIV became a study of interest because they developed broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1.
Monocytes across life span in hiv infection: lights and shadows.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
December 2024
Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS.
Purpose Of Review: This review highlights the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, focusing on their involvement in the inflammatory response and their function as viral targets and long-term reservoirs.
Recent Findings: Monocytes have been categorized into three subsets: classical, intermediate, and nonclassical, each with distinct functional characteristics. Advances in genetic sequencing technologies have enabled a more in-depth exploration of the phenotypic and functional variations among these subsets, particularly in the context of HIV.
Characterization of an Invisible HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF149_01B) in China.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
January 2025
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China.
In this study, by analyzing the available near full-length genome (NFLG) sequences of CRF55_01B, it was found that two of the NFLG sequences could not be clustered with other NFLG sequences. Recombination analysis and phylogenetic analysis suggested that these two NFLG sequences arose by recombination with subtype B based on CRF55_01B, rather than by recombination directly derived from CRF01_AE and subtype B. In addition, two other HIV-1 partial gene fragments found in the database shared the same characteristics as these two NFLG sequences in the key recombination region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde.
Viruses
December 2024
Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
The high genetic variability of HIV-1 and the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can impact treatment efficacy. In this study, we investigated the prevalent HIV-1 genotypes and drug-resistance-associated mutations in drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals in Cabo Verde. The study, conducted between 2018 and 2019, included drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals from the São Vicente, Boa Vista, Fogo, and Santiago islands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTracing the Dispersal Pathway of HIV-1 Subtype C to Bahia: Phylogenetic Connections to Southern Brazil.
Viruses
December 2024
Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.
The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil is predominantly characterized by subtype B, except in the southern states, where subtype C (HIV-1C) is more prevalent. Continuous monitoring of this profile is essential to maintain an accurate understanding of the molecular landscape of the HIV epidemic in Brazil. In this study, we isolated and sequenced seven new HIV-1C strains from the state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region of Brazil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!