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Advancement in utilization of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers in the understanding of schizophrenia.
World J Clin Cases
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Mercyhealth Hospital and Trauma Center, Janesville, WI 53548, United States.
Historically, psychiatric diagnoses have been made based on patient's reported symptoms applying the criteria from diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. The utilization of neuroimaging or biomarkers to make the diagnosis and manage psychiatric disorders remains a distant goal. There have been several studies that examine brain imaging in psychiatric disorders, but more work is needed to elucidate the complexities of the human brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlatelets as crucial players in the dynamic interplay of inflammation, immunity, and cancer: unveiling new strategies for cancer prevention.
Front Pharmacol
December 2024
Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, The Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases by promoting the acquisition of new functional traits by different cell types. Shared risk factors between cardiovascular disease and cancer, including smoking, obesity, diabetes, high-fat diet, low physical activity, and alcohol consumption, contribute to inflammation linked to platelet activation. Platelets contribute to an inflammatory state by activating various normal cells, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUntargeted metabolomics profiling of gestational diabetes mellitus: insights into early diagnosis and metabolic pathway alterations.
Front Mol Biosci
December 2024
Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder marked by Q10 hyperglycemia that can negatively affect both mothers and newborns. The increasing prevalence of GDM and the limitations associated with the standard diagnostic test highlight the urgent need for early screening strategies that promote timely interventions.
Methods: This study aims to investigate the metabolic profile associated with GDM through an untargeted metabolomic analysis using mass spectrometry (MS)- based omics.
Adult neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus decreased among animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Front Neural Circuits
January 2025
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, along with restricted and repetitive behaviors. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to ASD, with prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) and nicotine being linked to increased risk. Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis, particularly in the ventral region, is thought to play a role in the social deficits observed in ASD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConnexin 43 and Pannexin 1 hemichannels as endogenous regulators of innate immunity in sepsis.
Front Immunol
January 2025
The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infections that is initiated by the body's innate immune system. Nearly a decade ago, we discovered that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and serum amyloid A (SAA) upregulated Connexin 43 (Cx43) and Pannexin 1 (Panx1) hemichannels in macrophages. When overexpressed, these hemichannels contribute to sepsis pathogenesis by promoting ATP efflux, which intensifies the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR)-dependent inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and the release of pathogenic damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, such as HMGB1.
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