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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(01)01984-4 | DOI Listing |
Transplant Proc
May 2001
Department of Transplantation Research, Basel, Switzerland.
J Virol
June 1996
Sandoz Forschungsinstitut, Vienna, Austria.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants that are resistant to inhibition by cyclosporins arise spontaneously in vitro during propagation in a HeLa-CD4+ cell line in the presence of a nonimmunosuppressive analog of cyclosporin A. Interestingly, the phenotype of all of the mutants examined is drug resistant and drug dependent, with both cyclosporin A and its analog. Four independently isolated mutants have been analyzed genetically by construction of recombinant proviruses in the NL4-3 parental strain background and subsequent testing of the chimeric viruses in HeLa cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
August 1991
Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, California 94305.
Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit T- and B-cell activation and other processes essential to an effective immune response. In T lymphocytes these drugs disrupt an unknown step in the transmission of signals from the T-cell antigen receptor to cytokine genes that coordinate the immune response. The putative intracellular receptors for FK506 and cyclosporin are cis-trans prolyl isomerases.
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