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Introduction: Minimally invasive techniques, such as percutaneous endoscopic discectomy, are increasingly utilized for treating focal thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF), where their safety and efficacy needs to be further confirmed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic surgery under local anesthesia for treating focal TOLF.

Methods: This case series study reviewed medical records of 12 cases diagnosed with focal TOLF who underwent percutaneous posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic surgery under local anesthesia from December 2016 to July 2019 at Fuzhou Second Hospital.

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Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) can lead to dural ossification, significantly increasing the risk of complications, including intraoperative nerve injury. The application of augmented reality (AR) and advanced digital technologies in spine surgery has the potential to reduce these risks. This case report highlights a perioperative nerve injury-free microsurgery using elastic image fusion technology, which integrates preoperative imaging with intraoperative computed tomography for a patient with severe stenotic OLF and dural ossification.

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Background: Posterior laminectomy is a standard treatment for thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF), but it often leads to neurological deterioration during surgery. This study aimed to reduce iatrogenic neurological deterioration by using an S8 navigation system combined with an ultrasonic osteotome for three-dimensional real-time dynamic visualization decompression.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent laminectomy and internal fixation for TOLF in our centre from January 2016 to January 2023.

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This article aims to demonstrate the uniportal full endoscopic surgery for treating complex anterior and posterior spinal pathology at the T1-2 level, offering a invasive, accessible, stable, and versatile approach to challenging anatomical situations. Uniportal full endoscopic surgery is one of the most minimally invasive spinal surgeries, utilizing slim, elongated, and compact instruments that provide access to lesions from any angle and distance. This characteristic makes the technique especially suitable for hard, such as the T1-2 level, where traditional approaches may be limited or difficult.

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A 41-year-old man with a history of obesity, hypertension, and smoking suffered from numbness and weakness in both lower limbs. He was diagnosed with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum in the cervical and thoracic spine by X-rays, CT, and MRI. The patient underwent laminectomies at T2 and T3 levels, along with posterior fusion from T1 to T4, to address an upper thoracic spine lesion causing sensory deficits up to T5 and gait disturbances.

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