Bone grafting. Principles and applications in the lower extremity.

Bone grafting techniques have progressed in the twentieth century, leading to results that are more predictable. A complete understanding of the entire healing process has broadened indications while decreasing complications. Numerous possibilities are available to the foot and ankle surgeon for reconstruction or trauma scenarios. Combining the art (knowing when to use specific grafting techniques) with the science of graft healing will provide satisfactory results.