AI Article Synopsis
- Horses were essential to warfare and transportation before firearms and steam engines, significantly impacting nomadic pastoralists and society from the Bronze Age onward.
- The study of horse husbandry is vital for understanding human history, especially in relation to horse domestication.
- Researchers have debated the early signs of horse domestication, with increased horse bone findings around 3500 BC possibly linked to hunting practices rather than domestication itself.
Article Abstract
Before the development of firearms, the horse was crucial to warfare and, before the invention of the steam engine, it was the fastest and most reliable form of land transport. It is crucial to the life of nomadic pastoralists on the Eurasian steppe and played a major role in the evolution of human society during the Bronze Age and Iron Age. Understanding the human past requires knowledge of the origins and development of horse husbandry. The problem of being able to identify the early stages of horse domestication is one that many researchers have grappled with for the most part unsuccessfully. Until recently the most important criteria used had been that of increased relative abundance. That is, around 3500 BC, in some parts of Eurasia, there was an apparent increase in the proportions of horse bones and teeth found in archaeological deposits by comparison with preceding periods. However, other evidence suggests that the observed increase during the Copper Age could be explained as well, or even better, by increased hunting rather than by domestication.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05149.x | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Granulosa cell function in domestic animals: A review on the in vitro effects of FSH, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1.
Domest Anim Endocrinol
January 2025
Department of Agriculture, Veterinary & Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557 USA.
Ovarian granulosa cells produce a variety of biologically active compounds in addition to steroid hormones that include numerous families of growth factors, cytokines and adipokines. Many of these function as endocrine, paracrine and autocrine hormones to regulate ovarian activity. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the evidence in domestic animals on how FSH, insulin and IGF1 regulate the function of granulosa cells with a focus on ovarian steroidogenesis and cell proliferation with comparisons across six domestic animals: pigs, cattle, horses, water buffalo, goats and sheep.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom cytogenetics to cytogenomics: a new era in the diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities in domestic animals.
J Appl Genet
January 2025
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Identification of chromosomal abnormalities is an important issue in animal breeding and veterinary medicine. Routine cytogenetic diagnosis of domestic animals began in the 1960s with the aim of identifying carriers of centric fusion between chromosome 1 and 29 in cattle. In the 1970s, chromosome banding techniques were introduced, and in the 1980s, the first cytogenomic techniques, based on the development of locus- and chromosome-specific probes, were used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInherited non-syndromic polydactyly in a Berber and Arabian-Berber horse family.
Equine Vet J
January 2025
Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Background: Supernumerary digits, or polydactyly, have been described in various species including humans, wild and domestic animals. In horses, it represents the most common congenital limb malformation, which has only been described in isolated cases or nuclear families. Molecular aetiology has not been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnraveling the distinctive gut microbiome of khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus) in comparison to their drinking water and closely related equids.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred- Kowalke Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
The microbial composition of host-associated microbiomes is influenced by co-evolutionary interactions, host genetics, domestication, and the environment. This study investigates the contribution of environmental microbiota from freshwater bodies to the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus, n = 21) and compares them with those of captive khulans (n = 12) and other equids-Przewalski's horse (n = 82) and domestic horse (n = 26). Using PacBio technology and the LotuS pipeline for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyze microbial diversity and conduct differential abundance, alpha, and beta diversity analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe peculiar characteristics and advancement in diagnostic methodologies of influenza A virus.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant public health concern, causing seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics. These outbreaks result from changes in the virus's surface proteins which include hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza A virus has a vast reservoir, including wild birds, pigs, horses, domestic and marine animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!