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The Effects of Quinone Imine, a New Potent Nitrification Inhibitor, Dicyandiamide, and Nitrapyrin on Target and Off-Target Soil Microbiota.
Microbiol Spectr
August 2022
Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Dicyandiamide (DCD) and nitrapyrin (NP) are nitrification inhibitors (NIs) used in agriculture for over 40 years. Recently, ethoxyquin (EQ) was proposed as a novel potential NI, acting through its derivative quinone imine (QI). Still, the specific activity of these NIs on the different groups of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM), and mostly their effects on other soil microbiota remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParacetamol (Acetaminophen) and the Developing Brain.
Int J Mol Sci
October 2021
Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13344 Berlin, Germany.
Paracetamol is commonly used to treat fever and pain in pregnant women, but there are growing concerns that this may cause attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in the offspring. A growing number of epidemiological studies suggests that relative risks for these disorders increase by an average of about 25% following intrauterine paracetamol exposure. The data analyzed point to a dose-effect relationship but cannot fully account for unmeasured confounders, notably indication and genetic transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of Novel Diclofenac Analogs Designed to Avoid Metabolic Activation and Hepatocyte Toxicity.
ACS Omega
December 2020
Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
Diclofenac (DCF) is widely used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; however, it is associated with severe liver injury. This adverse reaction is thought to be related to the reactive quinone imine (QI) and acyl glucuronide (AG) metabolites of DCF, but it remains controversial which reactive metabolites mainly contribute to DCF-induced toxicity. In this study, we synthesized five types of DCF analogs that were designed to mitigate the formation of reactive QI and/or AG metabolites and evaluated their metabolic stability, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity, and toxicity to cryopreserved human hepatocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of Novel and Established Nitrification Inhibitors Relevant to Agriculture on Soil Ammonia- and Nitrite-Oxidizing Isolates.
Front Microbiol
November 2020
Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) applied to soil reduce nitrogen fertilizer losses from agr-ecosystems. NIs that are currently registered for use in agriculture appear to selectively inhibit ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), while their impact on other nitrifiers is limited or unknown. Ethoxyquin (EQ), a fruit preservative shown to inhibit ammonia-oxidizers (AO) in soil, is rapidly transformed to 2,6-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinone imine (QI), and 2,4-dimethyl-6-ethoxy-quinoline (EQNL).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolite Profiling and Reaction Phenotyping for the Assessment of the Bioactivation of Bromfenac †.
Chem Res Toxicol
January 2020
MyoKardia, Inc. , 333 Allerton Avenue , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States.
Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that was approved and subsequently withdrawn from the market because of reported cases of acute hepatotoxicity. Recently, studies have revealed that bromfenac requires UDPGA and alamethicin supplemented human liver microsomes (HLM) to form a major metabolite, bromfenac indolinone (BI). Bromfenac and BI form thioether adducts through a bioactivation pathway in HLM and hepatocytes.
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