Classical histological preparations of the metasympathetic nervous system treated with silver salts were compared with isolated neuron cultures to study non-electrical functions of the neurons. A hypothesis of a tissue trophic effect of the nervous tissue's receptors, is advanced. Proteolytic enzymes were shown to be a growth factor for surrounding tissues and to play a role of trophic agents. A permanent restructurisation seems to occur in formed plexuses of adult healthy animals.
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Front Cell Neurosci
August 2023
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Ever since the work of Edgar Adrian, the neuronal action potential has been considered as an electric signal, modeled and interpreted using concepts and theories lent from electronic engineering. Accordingly, the electric action potential, as the prime manifestation of neuronal excitability, serving processing and reliable "long distance" communication of the information contained in the signal, was defined as a non-linear, self-propagating, regenerative, wave of electrical activity that travels along the surface of nerve cells. Thus, in the ground-breaking theory and mathematical model of Hodgkin and Huxley (HH), linking Nernst's treatment of the electrochemistry of semi-permeable membranes to the physical laws of electricity and Kelvin's cable theory, the electrical characteristics of the action potential are presented as the result of the depolarization-induced, voltage- and time-dependent opening and closure of ion channels in the membrane allowing the passive flow of charge, particularly in the form of Na and K -ions, into and out of the neuronal cytoplasm along the respective electrochemical ion gradient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Sci
June 2021
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
The Kv2 channels encode delayed rectifier currents that regulate membrane potential in many tissues. They also have a non-conducting function to form stable junctions between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes, creating membrane contact sites that mediate functions distinct from membrane excitability. Therefore, proteins that interact with Kv2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Neurobiol
October 2018
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nerve impulse generation and propagation are often thought of as solely electrical events. The prevalence of this view is the result of long and intense study of nerve impulses in electrophysiology culminating in the introduction of the Hodgkin-Huxley model of the action potential in the 1950s. To this day, this model forms the physiological foundation for a broad area of neuroscientific research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biochem
June 2018
Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
Electrical activity is essential for brain function. However, neurons, the electrically active cells, are less numerous than the non-electrical glial cells in the central nervous system. The non-electrical components modify the function of neural circuits, depending on the electrical neuronal activity, by wrapping synapses, myelinating axons and phagocytozing the neuronal components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroscientist
February 2016
Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
The cerebellum is critical for both motor and cognitive control. Dysfunction of the cerebellum is a component of multiple neurological disorders. In recent years, interventions have been developed that aim to excite or inhibit the activity and function of the human cerebellum.
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