In the crude fraction of porcine liver annexins, we identified annexin IV (AnxIV), AnxII and AnxVI of MW (molecular weight) of 32, 36 and 68 kDa, respectively, an albumin of MW of 61.5 kDa and an UDP hydrolase (UDPase) of MW of 62 kDa, related to the human UDPase from Golgi membranes. The latter enzyme exhibits its highest specificity towards UDP and GDP but not ADP and CDP, and it is stimulated by Mg(2+) and Ca(2+). AnxVI itself, although it binds purine nucleotides, does not exhibit hydrolytic activity towards nucleotides. Taken together, these results suggest that AnxVI may interact in vivo with a nucleotide-utilizing enzyme, UDPase. This is in line with observations made by other investigators that various annexins are able to interact with nucleotide-utilizing proteins, such as protein kinases, GTPases, cytoskeletal proteins and p120(GAP). Such interactions could be of particular importance in modulating the biological activities of these proteins in vivo.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00102-7 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address:
Glycosylation is one of the most fundamental biochemical processes in cells. It plays crucial roles in diversifying plant natural products for structures, bioavailability and bioactivity, and thus, renders the glycosylated compounds valuable as food additives, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, glycosylated compounds impact plant growth, development and stress response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
December 2024
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Herein, we describe a reliable and efficient approach for the first chemical synthesis of biologically significant and complex 3--(-3-hydroxydecanoyl) modified uridine diphosphate -acetylglucosamine that is the native substrate of LpxC involved in the biosynthesis of the cell wall of . The synthetic protocol provides a successful example for the reliable preparation of modified nucleoside diphosphate sugar, which features judiciously selected protecting groups, the formation of pyrophosphate linkage with 5'-phosphate nucleoside as nucleophile, and the straightforward purification process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Plant fertility is fundamental to plant survival and requires the coordinated interaction of developmental pathways and signaling molecules. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, gaseous signaling molecule that plays crucial roles in plant fertility as well as other developmental processes and stress responses. NO influences biological processes through S-nitrosation, the posttranslational modification of protein cysteines to S-nitrosocysteine (R-SNO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
October 2024
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
Chitin, an extracellular polysaccharide, is synthesized by membrane-embedded chitin synthase (CHS) utilizing intracellular substrates. The mechanism of the translocation of synthesized chitin across the membrane to extracellular locations remains unresolved. We prove that the chitin synthase from (CHS) is a processive glycosyltransferase, which can rapidly produce and tightly bind with the highly polymerized chitin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYakugaku Zasshi
November 2024
Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University.
Interindividual differences in the expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and esterases, cause variability of therapeutic effectiveness and side effects during drug treatment. Conventional research has focused on transcriptional regulation by transcription factors and nuclear receptors such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, as the major mechanisms causing the differences in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Recently, we have revealed that adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing and methylation of adenosine at the N position on RNA, two major types of posttranscriptional modification, play a pivotal role in the regulation of drug metabolism.
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